Test Page for Hatchery sap.ui.unified.Calendar

Single day Selection Calendar

sea pens (keramba tancab) [oyster panel](https://haosailmarine.en.made-in-china.com/product/uYNpRCovCEkV/China-Panel-for-Seawater-Pearl-Oyster-Culture-and-Farming.html) [Shellfish](https://www.fukuina.com/nursery/algal_tanks.htm) Fundamental to successful shellfish farm operation is having access to healthy seed (spat). With almost all shellfish species, seed can either be collected from the wild or produced in a hatchery. Depending on logistics and cost, the operator will decide on which source works for his or her farm. Scallop seed collection is accomplished by deploying a polyethylene mesh bag, stuffed with either discarded nylon netting or a specialty material called Netron, at known collection sites. The scallop larvae, once released, move around at the mercy of the currents for about 40 days, and then they set. But Netron is now more likely to be used. The advantages of Netron include: Scallop spat sets better on it than nylon It strips easier and faster It has a better elastic memory, therefore the bags stay inflated to the maximum It allows the bags to be efficiently suspended in the water column since the Netron is made of polyethylene, which floats, as compared to nylon, which sinks. An interesting note is that the oyster industry has started to use 0.75mm mesh scallop spat bags to grow out seed in the wild. The growers say that there is far less labour and that the seed grows much more rapidly than it does in a nursery environment [Pearl Oryster](#pearls-oyster) [Lombok pearls oyster cultivation analysis](http://www.lombokmutiara.co.id/news/Analisis-Usaha-Pembesaran-Tiram-Mutiara-Pinctada-maxima) 1. Pinctada maxima (perairan Indonesia sendiri jenis tiram Pinctada maxima banyak terdapat di wilayah Indonesia bagian timur, seperti Irian Jaya, Sulawesi dan gugusan laut Arafuru (Sutaman 1993). 2. P. margaritifera, 3. P. fucuta, P.chemnitis, dan 4. Pteria penguin. Pearl culture operations can be divided into three categories which are 1. Collection/hatchery production, 2. Ongrowing and 3. Pearl culture. Each phrase of production permits a degree of specialization by farmer and allows people of different income and different technical expertise to get involved in cultivation. kristal kalsium karbonat (Ca CO3) dalam bentuk kristal argonit yang lebih dikenal dengan nacre dan kristal heksagonal kalsit yang merupakan pembentuk lapisan seperti prisma pada cangkang. Berbeda dengan jenis ikan yang lain, cara makan tiram mutiara ini dilakukan dengan menyaring air laut. Sedangkan cara mengambil makanannya dilakukan dengan cara menggetarkan insang yang menyebabkan air masuk ke dalam rongga mantel. Kemudian dengan mengerakkan bulu insang, maka plankton yang masuk akan berkumpul di sekeliling insang. Selanjutnya melalui gerakan labial palp plankton akan masuk ke dalam mulut (Sutaman 1993). Pada musim panas, dimana suhu air naik, tiram mutiara dapat tumbuh secara maksimal. Namun jika suhu dan salinitas sepanjang tahun stabil dengan kondisi lingkungan yang ideal, maka pertumbuhan pun akan stabil pula, dengan pertambuhan maksimum bisa mencapai 1 cm per bulanq Arus laut adalah gerakan air laut yang mempunyai peredaran tetap atau tidak. Pada umumnya arus laut disebabkan oleh pengaruh angin, perbedaan kadar garam air laut, perbedaan suhu, pasang naik dan pasang surut air laut dan mengisi daerah yang ditinggalkan arus (arus kompensasi atau arus pengisi). Arah arus dinyatakan dengan arah ke mana arus itu bergerak. Gerakan air laut berpengaruh pada gerakan plankton (fitoplankton). Kawasan laut yang banyak dihuni plankton biasanya dihuni pula oleh banyak ikan, sehingga informasi arus laut ini sangat penting bagi nelayan untuk memaksimalkan hasil tangkapan mereka. Energi (pembangkit tenaga listrik) Di beberapa negara di dunia seperti Belanda dan Prancis, pembangkit listrik di negara mereka menggunakan arus laut sebagai sumber energi. Sedangkan di Indonesia, upaya tersebut tengah dalam proses uji coba. [Materials and methods hatchery](https://www.innspub.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/IJB-V9-No1-p124-137.pdf) [Video pearl oyster.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zihqo0LyAVQ) {video 2 peral oyster](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h1TxPWPghCY) https://scispace.com/pdf/analysis-of-water-quality-conditions-in-pearl-oyster-3vkcbdaz.pdf Particulate organic matter (POM) Total suspended solid Measurement of total water soluble solids is carried out once a week. The samples measured in this parameter are seawater samples before treatment, hatchery tap water samples, reservoir water samples, wastewater treatment plant inlet water samples, wastewater treatment plant outlet water samples. The result of total suspended solids from all samples was 0 mg/l. According to the regulation of the Governor of Bali Number 8 of 2007 [14] and the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 51 of 2004 [15] for marine biota, the tolerable level of total suspended solids is <20 ppm. According to Slamet [16], in conditions of total suspended solids of 0.007-0.011 ppm Pinctada maxima can still grow optimally. Based on the literature and these results, the water conditions in the pearl oyster hatchery are optimal for the life of Pinctada maxima Management of culture system such as * *site selection* , - site selection must take into account important water quality parameters like temperature, salinity and turbidity * settlement, * feeding, * stocking density and pearl culture technique is essential Moreover, it was identified several problems in pearl oyster culture including predation, disease and biofouling * P. Maxima, * Pinctada Margaritifera, * Pinctada chimnitzii, * Pinctada fucata, dan * Pteria penguin a Panel poket net dengan ukuran 76 x 46 cm --- Breeding of pear oyster, P. maxima Forty pearl oyster (P. maxima) spawners were selected from F1 oysters, 21 males and 19 females, with 12.0-14.7cm shell width and body weight of 550- 730gr and 12.6-14.6cm shell width and body weight of 550-660gr, respectively, and spawning was done in the laboratory of PT. Autore Pearl Culture (Fig. 1). The spawning used temperature shock, and only 19 individuals, 8 males and 11 females, showed spawning response. Fertilized eggs were grown in the tank for 24 hours until the larvae reached D-veliger stage. The larvae were filtered through screen nets of 75µm, 63 µm and 57 µm mesh size,the biggest size on the top and the finest one on the bottom, and obtained 77.46 millions of larvae, then 900,000 larvae were taken for laboratory observations in the laboratory of Marine Bio-industry Technical Unit, Research Centre Of Oseanography. The filtering method after reaching Dveligers tage is presented in Fig. 1. The larval attachment to the collector, either pearl oyster (P.maxima) or mabe oyster (Pteria penguin), was found higher on the dark collector than blue, green, yellow and white ones (Hamzah, 2003; 2007). In hatcheries, larvae tend to settle on side of settlement tanks and removal is by scraping (Rose and Baker, 1994) which is time consuming and may damage shells. Exposing the oysters to hypersaline conditions of 45 ppt for one hour or lowering the pH of water to 4 can cause voluntarily detachment of spat from substrate without any mortality (Taylor et al., 1997a), saving time in the process. This also has implications for transport of spat, as spat will detach if transported under conditions that cause them to dehydrate. Broodstock conditioning and larvae production require a large quantity of food. A hatchery therefore needs several litres of food every day. The principle is simple. The algae are inoculated into small flasks. When the algae density per millilitre of water is sufficient, the content of the flasks is poured into 20-litre bottles. After about seven days, the algae density per millilitre increases from a few hundred cells per millilitre to several million. The bottles are then used to feed the mollusc larvae and to inoculate 170-litre containers. A week later, the contents are used to feed the broodstock or the spat. Spat Rearing Spat are a bit more robust than larvae. They are more tolerant of changes in the rearing conditions. Several types of tanks have been designed for spat rearing. 1. Upwellers and 2. downwellers are two types of tanks commonly used in hatcheries (Figure 17). The pearl oyster larvae were fed with the mixture of live feed species with different composition in each stage. At the stages of D-shape, umbo, and pediveliger, we fed larvae with a mixture of Pavlova lutheri, Chaetoceros amami, Chaetoceros calcitrans, and Chaetoceros simplex, while at the plantigrade and spat, we fed larvae with a mixture of Pavlova lutheri, Chaetoceros amami, Chaetoceros calcitrans, Chaetoceros simplex, and Nannochloropsis sp. (Table 4). The daily feeding requirements were changed according to the pearl oyster larvae stages. The daily feeding amounts of the pearl oyster larvae ranged from 1,000 to 5,000 cells mL-1 [pearl grading](https://www.purepearls.com/) Pearl Nacre --- Nacre is exactly what the title of this page implies: it is the building blocks of a pearl’s beauty. Nacre (aka mother-of-pearl) is the organic crystalline substance that mollusks produce to create the interior of their shells and protect themselves from irritants and parasites by smoothing them over with this substance and eventually creating a pearl. Nacre is a mixture of calcium carbonite (CaCo3) and a biological, organic binding agent named conchiolin which “cements” the crystalline platelets together. The calcium carbonate consists of microscopic crystalline aragonite platelets that are roughly hexagonal in shape. The CaCo3 and conchiolin is secreted continuously to form strong, semi-transparent layers around the pearl’s nucleus. Scientists liken this structural arrangement to a brick wall, and at the same time, layered like an onion --- # Long-Line Culture System Biofouling Removal of biofouling organisms is done by manual labour (Fig. 3) and contributes to most of the expenses of a pearl oyster farm. P. maxima left uncleaned for 4 weeks or more had stunted growth and shell deformities were observed after 8 weeks, caused by biofouling organisms like barnacles and polychaete worms (Taylor et al., 1997). However, cleaning also affect survival rates, and frequent cleaning every 4 weeks resulted in high mortality for P. margaritifera. Handling oysters will stress them and therefore optimum cleaning rate for this species is once every 8 weeks (Pit and Southgate, 2003). Diseases Oyster diseases have the potential to affect productivity. Pearl oyster P.maxima suffered high mortality in Australia in 1996 due to the bloom of algae Trichodesmium erythraeum. The oyster exhibit dilated digestive gland lumens, sloughing of epithelial cells and large numbers of residual bodies and with increased numbers of brown cells and granulocytes under the epithelial layer, indicative of an inflammatory response. This is due to the algae producing a paralytic shellfish toxin, saxitoxin (Negri et al., 2004) and this cannot be prevented. However, another commonly occurring oyster disease, the reddening of abductor muscle caused by infection in P. fucata can be prevented by lowering the temperature of water to less than 19 0C (Nagai et al., 2007). ---- ① Dasar Perairan Dasar perairan secara fisik maupun kimia berpengaruh besar terhadap susunan dan kelimpahan organisme di dalam air termasuk bagi kehidupan tiram mutiara. Adanya perubahan tanah dasar (sedimen) akibat banjir yang menyebabkan dasar perairan tertutup lumpur sering menimbulkan kematian pada tiram terutama yang masih muda. Oleh karena itu dasar perairan yang berpasir atau berlumpur tidak layak untuk lokasi budidaya tiram mutiara. Dasar perairan yang cocok untuk budidaya untuk budidaya tiram mutiara ialah dasar perairan yang berkarang atau mengandung pecahan-pecahan karang. Bisa juga dipilih dasar perairan yang terbentuk akibat gugusan karang yang sudah mati atau gunungan-gunungan karang. Sutaman (1993) The depth of spatcollector is also dependeing on the months (weather) to provide optimum conditions ======= for musccle=== Temperature was measured monthly atboth depths. Salinity did not differ between 3? and 7? m; therefore, monthly salinity samples were taken only from the depth of 3? m. To analyze seston, POM and chlorophyll-a, 2-l water samples were taken in duplicate from each depth each month using Nansen type sampling bottles. The water was sieved through a 150-µm nylon mesh to remove large particles and zooplankton. Amounts of seston,POM and chlorophyll-awere determine daccording to Stirling (1985) spat growthis high. Mussel growth is influenced by manyfactors, such as temperature, food intake,tidal exposure, waves, currents, salinity andpopulation density (Bayne, 1976 ② Kedalaman Kedalaman air dilokasi budidaya mempunyai pengaruh yang cukup besar terhadap kualitas mutiara. Berdasarkan penelitian semakin dalam letak tiram yang dipelihara,maka kualitas mutiara yang dihasilkan akan semakin baik. Kedalaman perairan yang cocok untuk budidaya tiram mutiara ialah berkisar antara 15 m s/d 20 m. Pada kedalaman ini pertumbuhan tiram mutiara akan lebih baik. Sutaman (1993). Sedangkan menurut Nu groho (1993) kedalaman terbaik untuk menampilkan kolektor pemeliharaan kerang adalah di kedalaman 9 m. Sebenarnya tiram mutiara ini mampu bertahan hidup pada kisaran salinitas yang luas,yaitu antara 20% – 50%. Tetapi salinitas yang terbaik untuk pertumbuhan tiram mutiara adalah 32% – 35%. Sutaman (1993) Kualitas mutiara yang terbentuk dalam tubuh kerang dapat di pengaruhi oleh kadar salinitas. Kadar salinitas yang tinggi akan menyebabkan warna mutiara menjadi keemasan. Untuk keperluaan budidaya tiram mutiara selayaknya dipilih lokasi yang mempunyai kecerahan antara 4.5 m – 6.5 m, sehingga kedalaman pemeliharaan bisa diusahakan antara 6 m – 7 m. sebab biasanya tiram yang dibudidayakan diletakkan di bawah kedalaman atau kecerahan rata-rata. Sutaman (1993) Tingkat kecerahan suatu perairan berhubungan dengan kemampuan kerang mebuka dan menutup cangkangnya, pada kedalaman yang lebih dalam dimana cahaya matahari yang masuk lebih sedikit, kerang akan membuka cangkang lebih lebar sehingga kesempatan untuk menyaring makanan lebih banyak (atmomarsono dan sudrajat, 1992).q ### Biofouling Biofouling merupakan salah satu organisme filter feeder yang bersaing dengan tiram mutiara untuk mendapatkan plankton sebagai pakan alami (Fathurrahman & Aunurohim, 2014). Hal ini menyebabkan tiram mutiara kekurangan nutrisi sehingga menghambat pertumbuhan. Keberadaan biofouling terutama teritip dapat mengurangi laju pertumbuhan sehingga kerang menjadi kerdil (siput kontet/siput datu) (Tomatala, 2014). --- ## Nursury -upwellers [upwellers](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XEhBtZHwkmA) [upwellers and downwellers](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOptbGsRTdk) --- ## [Pearl Grafting](https://cortezpearl.mx/pages/the-mise-nishikawa-pearl-grafting-technique-an-explanation) [grafting tools](http://www.pearlstrandwholesale.com/pearl-oyster-grafting-tools) The value of a pearl depends upon five major traits - * pearl size, * colour, * lustre, * shape, and * surface. These results suggest that potential exists to increase pearl quality via the selective breeding of host and donor oysters, but reveals that careful attention must be paid to potential trade-offs in the design of such breeding programmes. Meanwhile inside the oyster, a complicated and fascinating process is taking place: a pearl is forming! Once an oyster has been implanted with the bead nucleus and donor tissue, the oyster forms a pearl sac around the intrusion and begins secreting pearly nacre around the bead. Layer upon layer the pearl grows and gains its unique beauty. . Implanting the Pearl Oysters Once the oysters have been pegged, the next part of the process is to prepare the oyster’s inner shell for the implant operation. We will now proceed to detach the mantle from the shell with the help of a simple tool -usually tweezers or a small spatula- with no sharp edges for this. The shell can be cleaned with cotton swabs or a small stick with some cotton on top, even paper can be used, in the case there is too much mucus or the shell is wet. With both mantle lobes detached and with the shells clean and dry, we can now perform the Mabé pearl implantation. Mabé pearl implants can be made of almost any material, as long as it is non-reactive in nature (it does not cause damage to the animal). Mabé implants have been made from wax, lead, silver, bone, wood, shell, and stones, but the most common implant today is plastic. The shape of the implant can also be quite varied -as opposed to that of the bead-nucleated pearls, which is always spherical- and you can find them in drop, square, round, diamond, star, ovals, and other shapes…even religious figures, company logos and human faces. These implants range in size from 6 to 18 mm in diameter and cost between $0.05-$0.10 USD per piece. The best sizes to use are between 10 to 14 mm in diameter. Once we have selected our Mabé pearl implant (shape, size, etc.) we can now proceed to the operation. The process begins by gluing the plastic implant on the inside of the pearl oyster’s shell. The implant is glued with the help of a cyanoacrylate adhesive, also referred to as “Crazy Glue”, which is easily found at most convenience stores. Once glued the nucleus will slowly become coated with nacre, thus forming a Mabé blister pearl. Once the oysters are implanted, we allow the implants to attach firmly in about a minute’s time. The pearl oysters are then taken back to the farm, placed inside their cages, and then placed back inside the pearl farm. The pearl culturing period will take place between 8 to 18 months, with an average of 12 months, and then it will be time for the Mabé pearl harvest. Mabé pearl implanted oysters are grown using the same cages as with the grow out period, but at a lesser density, to allow for better growth, thus if the oysters had been grown at a density of 200/m2 they will now be stocked at densities of 150/m2 or even 100/m2. Pearl Sac Formation: --- When a pearl nucleus (a bead) is implanted into a recipient oyster, along with a small piece of donor mantle tissue, it's the donor tissue that initiates the formation of a pearl sac. Donor Tissue's Role: The quality of the donor tissue directly influences the pearl's quality, including its luster, color, and surface qualit [matle tissue](https://research.usc.edu.au/esploro/outputs/journalArticle/A-new-approach-to-pearl-oyster/99448794302621) Cultured pearl production requires grafting of a pearl nucleus, together with a piece of **mantle tissue ('saibo')** from a donor oyster, into a recipient oyster. The donor mantle tissue is an important factor in determining pearl quality. It is desirable that donor oysters resulting in high quality pearls be used as the basis for future hatchery production to ensure high quality pearl production; however, donor oysters are killed as part of the grafting process. This study was conducted to assess the feasibility of keeping donor pearl oysters alive as potential broodstock. To determine whether mantle tissue could be removed from oysters without mortality, Akoya pearl oysters (Pinctada fucata) were anaesthetised with 500 mg l-1 of benzocaine and had the ventral margin of either their left, right or both left and right mantle lobes removed. Survival after 4 weeks was 100% for all treatments and oysters showed regeneration of excised mantle tissue. After 3 months, histological analyses showed complete regeneration of the mantle and its structures. These findings show that donor pearl oysters recover from removal of mantle tissue and could be used as future broodstock for pearl culture operations. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. **[Pearl s quality and colordepending on the donor tissue](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0044848603005726?via%3Dihub) Several phenotypic measurements were made: 1) donor family growth performance from shell size records, 2) pearl size and corresponding quality traits, and 3) expression of some genes related to biomineralization processes on both the mantle graft and on pearl sac tissues. Results showed that: 1) donor age has an impact on pearl size, with grafts coming from the youngest donors yielding the biggest pearls; and 2) grafts from donors between 12 and 18 months in age produced pearls of the highest quality (grade and surface quality), a result supported by an analysis where the level of expression for a panel of genes associated with biomineralization was greatest in donors within the 12 to 18 months age group. These results indicate that donors aged between 12 and 18 months have high potential for biomineralisation and nacre deposition, and likely produce larger and higher quality cultured pearls than older donors. Silver pearls could be bleach to any colors??? [nucleus pearl shape](https://hal.science/hal-01678670v1/document) Baroque pearl is irregular shape of pearls (40% harvested) - due to water quality - parasite - impurity water - quality and shape of the nucleus (Pearl bead) with different size (9mm,11mm,14mm) - could it be the oyster does not match the bead size - freshwater pearl does not need grafting nucleus - higher tmperature of water resulted in the formation the pearls faseter - Baroque pearls could be the result of the rejecte pearls Tahitian pearls can also be baroque. They grow inside the black lip oyster and generally have dark color shades (but not purely black). These pearls also have pleasing overtones, with blue to green being the most common. --- ## Harvest At harvest time, the baskets are pulled up and the oysters are taken by boat to the harvest area where the oysters are cleaned and inspected. The oysters are then carefully opened by workers using special knives, and the pearls inside are collected. The left over shells and meat are often sold to cosmetics companies, pet food companies or even mother of pearl manufacturers which value the iridescent shells for buttons or inlay slices for musical instruments. Nothing is wasted * [kerang mutiara](https://www.scribd.com/document/628170947/KERANG-MUTIARA) * [Long line pearl culture](https://www.pearlingtechnologies.com/longlines) * Australia pearl oyster](https://www.nature.org/content/dam/tnc/nature/en/documents/Pearl_Case_Study_TNC_web.pdf) * [spat collector bibit oyster](https://www.hatcheryinternational.com/increasing-value-of-pearl-oyster-spat-collection-in-fiji/) * [ kerang 11](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513424004484#fig0010) * [desertai kerang mutiara](https://repository.unair.ac.id/137472/1/142111133142_25k_Ehb93uxd6wn0-KlNU1--Nd7a2o.pdf) * [article kedua](https://repository.unair.ac.id/137519/1/142111133058_yix_-ZVdmICKkeQjRRjdiuOWfLJHYN.pdf) --- 1. Tahap Pembesaran (Spat) Pada tahap ini, kerang mutiara masih berukuran kecil, biasanya antara 6-8 cm. Kerang dengan ukuran ini disebut "spat" dan belum siap untuk menghasilkan mutiara. Kerang-kerang ini dipelihara dan diberi makan secara intensif sampai mencapai ukuran yang cukup besar untuk dioperasi. 2. [Tahap Produksi Mutiara (Operasi)](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/)389744044_Determination_of_suitable_nuclei_size_for_nuclei_pearl_production_in_freshwater_mussel_Lamellidens_marginalis_in_the_pond_ecology_of_Bangladesh) Setelah kerang mutiara mencapai ukuran yang matang, biasanya sekitar 12-15 cm, barulah bisa dilakukan operasi penyisipan nukleus atau inti mutiara. Ukuran ini dianggap optimal karena kerang sudah cukup kuat dan dewasa untuk menahan proses operasi dan memulai proses pembentukan mutiara. “Dengan menanamkan butiran kalsium karbonat dari cangkang, prosesnya bisa dipercepat hingga dua tahun.” Feature highlights:American Mississippi River Shell Pearl Nucleus is made from high-quality mussel shells, ensuring a white nucleus without calcium carbonate streaking, crucial for producing premium pearls. These nuclei are used in saltwater pearl farming and are essential for creating quality pearls. The product supports customization and comes in various sizes and quality grades (AB, BC, C). Our factory, established in 1995, utilizes advanced Japanese technology and offers global distribution with high recognition in Tahiti, Japan, and Indonesia. Supplier highlights:This supplier is both a manufacturer and trader, primarily exporting to the UAE, United States, and Brazil, with a positive review rate of 92.7%. USD30 dollars per 10 kg Feature highlights:High-quality Mississippi river shell pearl nucleus, made from premium imported shells, perfectly rounded with a smooth surface, free from holes, pits, or scratches. Suitable for grafting in pearl farming. Packed in 20kg cartons with punctual delivery and complete customs documents. Supplier highlights:This supplier is both a manufacturer and trader, primarily exporting to the UAE, United States, and Brazil, with a positive review rate of 92.7%. Feature highlights:PS-900, PS-901 Pearl Concentrate offers a bright white paste with flaky hexagonal crystals, delivering a soft pearlescent luster. It features strong adhesion, anti-static properties, high whiteness, and a multi-color adjustable pearl effect. Suitable for buttons, jewelry, crafts, toys, leather, paint, and ink. Certified with EPR_Germany_Packing for compliance with environmental packaging standards, ensuring market access in regulated regions. Supplier highlights:This seller mainly exports to Germany, the United States, and South Korea, with high customer satisfaction and a positive review rate of 98.1% Popular on Alibaba.com:This product enjoys significant popularity on Alibaba.com, driven by its competitive pricing and surging traffic. The size of a nucleus bead, the core of a cultured pearl, is determined by pearl farmers and can range from a few millimeters for smaller pearls to over 8mm for large, high-quality ones. Common bead sizes are measured by a 'bu' unit in the pearl industry, with 1 bu equaling approximately 3.03mm, though diameter in millimeters is also used for some beads. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) can be used non-invasively to identify, measure, and evaluate the internal structure of a pearl and its nucleus. Standard Nuclei: Many pearl nuclei are between 5mm and 8mm in size. Specialty Nuclei: Some specialized nucleus beads can be as small as 5.7mm, while others can be larger to facilitate the creation of large, high-quality pearl Setelah nukleus disisipkan, kerang akan dikembalikan ke laut untuk masa pemeliharaan mutiara, yang bisa berlangsung satu hingga dua tahun. Mutiara siap dipanen ketika kerang mencapai ukuran yang lebih besar, biasanya 15-20 cm, atau bahkan lebih, tergantung pada jenis kerang dan tujuan budidaya. Secara ringkas, ukuran 8 cm ke bawah adalah tahap awal pembesaran, sedangkan ukuran 12-15 cm adalah ukuran optimal untuk dimulainya proses produksi mutiara. **oyster may be re-seeded up to 3 or rarely 4 times. ** Keshi pearls are produced when the nucleus is rejected but the oyster still produces a pearl. They have unique shapes and are used in innovative and unique jewellery. Sebaliknya, suhu yang lebih dingin memperlambat metabolisme tiram, yang akan membuat lapisan setiap lapisan nacre menjadi lebih seragam dan bertahap. Meski lebih lama, proses ini akan menghasilkan mutiara yang bulat dan indah. Pearl meat is a gourmet product sold for over $100 per kilogram, sourced from wild harvested shell or farmed pearl oysters. Saat mutiara siap panen, tiram biasanya akan terbuka. Setiap tiram hanya digunakan dalam satu siklus, karena kualitas dan ukuran mutiaranya akan menurun. # Openthreead border > git clone --recurse-submodules https://github.com/openthread/openthread.git > cd openthread/ OpenThread Border Router A Thread Border Router connects a Thread network to other IP-based networks, such as Wi-Fi or Ethernet. A Thread Border Router supports the following functions: End-to-end IP connectivity via routing between Thread devices and other external IP networks. Bidirectional DNS-based service discovery via mDNS (on a Wi-Fi/Ethernet link) and SRP (on a Thread network). DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation to obtain IPv6 prefixes for a Thread network. NAT64 for connecting to IPv4 networks. External Thread Commissioning (for example, a mobile phone) to authenticate and join a Thread device to a Thread network. OpenThread's implementation of a Border Router is called OpenThread Border Router (OTBR). More information about Thread can be found at threadgroup.org. Thread is a registered trademark of the Thread Group, Inc. [arus dan gelombang](https://www.scribd.com/doc/304674129/Arus-Dan-Gelombang-Air-Laut) Three-dimensional polyculture aquaculture involves raising multiple aquatic species at different levels or depths within the same system, optimizing space utilization and resource management. This approach mimics natural ecosystems, enhancing biodiversity and promoting a more sustainable and productive aquaculture practice [Indonesia mountain and low land](https://www.worldatlas.com/upload/41/ab/7c/id-01.jpg) [world atlas](https://www.worldatlas.com/upload/2d/51/9b/artboard-3.png) * [Travel vann to sumbawa Panca sari disamping mataram mall lama ( near also to aston hotel)](https://www.google.com/maps/dir//Jl.+Panca+Usaha+Blok+A+No.8,+Cilinaya,+Kec.+Cakranegara,+Kota+Mataram)
flowchart TD A[Oyster Spawns] --> B[Larvae Float & Develop] B --> C[Spat Settles on Cultch] C --> D["Extended Land-Based Nursery
(~45+ Days)"] D --> E["Transfer to Ocean
Nets/Cages"] E --> F["Grow to Adult Size
(1-2 Years)"] F --> G["Pearl Nucleation
Surgery"] G --> H["Final Grow-Out Period
(2-3 Years)"] H --> I[Harvest Pearl]
flowchart TD T["Tilapia
iBEST (all Male) or
iEXCEL (Mixed-sex)"] subgraph planton["Planton Feed to Larvae"] PyPL1["Pythoplanton life or dead(microalgae)/harvest microalgae
instant microalgae powder"] R0{"Rotifer Large ΔT"} --->AR0["accliminate temperature and salinity to match the larva"] R1{"Rotifer Small ΔT"} --->AR1["accliminate (lower to 28~30C) and salinity"] Artemia["Artemia
Brine shrmp"] eggs["Fish Eggs"] PyPL1 --> Artemia PyPL1 --> R0 PyPL1 --> R1 end subgraph hatchery["Hatchery Market Depend on Market"] direction LR Broodstock["Selection Broodstock
and Feed"] --> Eggs["Eggs"] -->Larvae["Larvae"]--> postLarvae["Post Larvae"] -->Juvinille["Juvinille"] end subgraph Selet_Broodstock["Broodstock tank selection"] direction LR Tank_1["Broodstock S,L,T"] end subgraph growup ["growup Market size"] direction LR Market["different stage of Market"] end subgraph artemiaGrowth ["Artemeia Growth up Culture"] direction LR artemeia_eggs["Artemaia Eggs and larvae for feed"] end subgraph vitaamin ["Vitamin C and B12 complex"] direction LR vitamin_feed["feed to rotifer prior to the feed for Hatchery"] end subgraph Pellet_Custard ["Pellet or Custard"] direction LR Pellet_feed["Pellet feed"] custard["wet or frozen feed"] end subgraph cacing_nipah["cacing Nipah for broodstock"] direction LR culture_vs_wild["Culture vs wild"] %% Nypa_Palm_Worm_Namalycastis_rhodohorde end cacing_nipah -->Broodstock SPFeed[("Special shrimp feed to make non red grouper to red grouper")] style SPFeed fill:pink, color black Pellet_Custard-->postLarvae T --> hatchery planton --> Larvae hatchery --> growup SPFeed --> |"special feed
for changing color
Black to RED"| growup style eggs fill:pink, color:black click hatchery "https://www.seafdec.org.ph/hatchery-seedstock/" "Grouper Hatchery"
flowchart TB subgraph OCEAN["fas:fa-ship Lombok "] direction LR DL("Dermaga Lembar
Lombok Barat") <----> M["Mataram
Panca sari Tour Travel
Lombok"] <--"fas:fa-car 02:00"--> TP(["Kayangan seaport
Lombok Timur"]) <----> |"fas:fa-ship 01:00"| B([Sumbawa besar pantai barat
Poto Tano]) <----> C(["Alas"]) <-----> D(["Sumbawa Besar"]) <--->|"fas:fa-car 02:0? "| E(["Pelabuhan Bima"]) B <----> K["Kertasari pantai selatan"] <----> T["Taliwan"] end subgraph Bali["Bali"] direction LR BTP(["Pelabuhaan Gilmanuk
Bali"]) <--"fas:fa-car 01:?0"--> PB("fas:fa-ship Pelabuahan Bai") end subgraph NTT["NTT"] direction LR LBJ(["Labuan Bojo
NTT"]) end E<--"fas:fa-ship 00:00"--> LBJ DL<--"fas:fa-ship 04:00"-->BTP DL<--"fas:fa-ship 04:00"-->PB style M fill: black, color: white style B fill:grey, color:#fff style E fill:blue, color: white style TP fill:blue, color: white style DL fill:blue, color: white style BTP fill:blue, color: white click M "https://share.google/dSoc3PQLu0qvvFW4x" "Panca sari
Dermaga Lombok Bali" click DL "https://www.gilitranslombok.com/" "Sewa Mobil di lombok"
gantt title Pearl Oyster Nursury dateFormat YYYY-MM-DD %% excludes weekends %% (`excludes` accepts specific dates in YYYY-MM-DD format, days of the week ("sunday") or "weekends", but not the word "weekdays".) section Hatchery Brookstock Spawning :a1, 2014-01-01, 30d Larva planktonic to stick to surface (1mm) :after a1, 45d section Nursury Longline Survive Rate 25% Buy Spat Collector (~45days hatching size =1mm):milestone, isadded, 2014-01-12, 0d Cleaning 1st 2months Spat Collector (0.7-1.5cm) :60d Cleaning 2nd 2months (1.5cm-3.5cm) :60d Cleaning 3rd (3.5cm-5.5cm) :60d Claning 4rd (5.5cm-7.5cm) :60d section Pearl Grafting Selection good Oyster for grafting :1d Grafting Nuclei with donor tissue sac into Gonad (best freshwater pearl, donor spat tissues) :5d LongLine step cleaning every 3 months or 6 months :500d section Harvest Pearl Pearl harvest :2d Pearl grafting again up to 3rd times :0d Candidate for broodstock 4rd times :0d
treemap-beta "Category A" "Item A1": 10 "Item A2": 20 "Category B" "Item B1": 15 "Item B2": 25