Test Page for Hatchery sap.ui.unified.Calendar

Single day Selection Calendar

[PT Japfa feed nursury](https://www.japfacomfeed.co.id/operational-area?page=16) [Cara Budidaya Kerapu](#kerapu) [CV Cahaya Baru Aquamarine](https://share.google/m4zf7W2tRSxCqAx1t) - the larger exporter coral and ornament marine fish [sulmet](https://www.huvepharma.us/product/sulmet/) [Ikan Tirusan](#ikan-tirusan-otolithoides-pama) [Ikan Malong](#ikan-malong-muraenesox-cinereus) [Ikan sidat](#eel-ikan-sidat) [Image Maker](https://imageresizer.com/) [pdfum binary](https://github.com/bblanchon/pdfium-binaries) [Longline opencage](https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-51159-7_3) # [Fertelizer for Microalgae](https://annalsmicrobiology.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13213-020-01618-0.pdf) * Green phytoplanktons (**Nannochloropsis** oculata,Tetraselmis chui, Chlorella, Dunaliella tertiolecta) * Golden phytoplanktons (Tisochrysis lutea, Pavlova, Isochrysis galbana, Thalassiosira weissfloggii) * Red phytoplankton (Rhodomonas salina) * Orange phytoplankton (Chaetocerors calcitrans) * Brown phytoplanktons (Pheaodactylum tricornutum) * Rotifer * How to keep rotifers alive? You can store live rotifers for one week in the refrigerator. Just give them a little algae every other day. Some people do indeed freeze rotifers and feed them out to their corals. Just make sure they don't get freezer burn! [Lugol preservation technique](https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/pbr/17/4/17_P170407/_pdf/-char/en) The life span of rotifers has been estimated to be between 3.4 to 4.4 days at 25°C. Generally, the larvae become adult after 0.5 to 1.5 days and females thereafter start to lay eggs approximately every four hours. It is believed that females can produce ten generations of offspring before they eventually die. Facing starvation, some rotifers could even extend their life span; young Brachionus plicatilis suppressed reproduction and about half of them survived for more than 16 days without any food, while the fed controls reproduced normally and lived about 12 days (Yoshinaga, Hagiwara & Tsukamoto 2003a). Can rotifers become dormant? Like tardigrades, bdelloid rotifers have the ability to enter a dormant state called cryptobiosis, or more specifically, anhydrobiosis. In this state, they can survive desiccation, meaning the complete loss of water from their body, for long periods of time. [Collecting rotifers](https://evidentscientific.com/en/insights/rotifers-an-introduction-to-the-microscopic-world-of-wheel-animals#:~:text=Like%20tardigrades%2C%20bdelloid%20rotifers%20have,for%20long%20periods%20of%20time.) Kedalaman Air: Kedalaman perairan ideal untuk teripang bervariasi antara 1 hingga 3 meter, tergantung pada spesies yang dibudidayakan. Teripang pasir biasanya lebih cocok pada kedalaman 2 meter, sementara teripang gamat dapat hidup di perairan yang sedikit lebih dangkal. Mysis Shrimp are nutritionally whole or balanced and provide your fish with plenty of protein, a little fat, and some vitamins and minerals. Brine Shrimp, on the other hand, is like a bag of chips or a handful of french fries. They taste great but really don't provide all that much nutrition by themselve ## Microalgae Fertelzer Chaetoceros upscaling formulation (modified from Agudo 2006) This is crucial information for anyone culturing diatoms for a sandfish hatchery. Your provided dosages are a clear and effective recipe for promoting diatom growth. Let's break down what these numbers mean and how to use them correctly. Interpretation of Your Dosages: Your recipe uses two key components: 1. Sodium Metasilicate (Na₂SiO₃): 0.375 g per 10 L (or 7.5 g per 200 L) · Purpose: This is the most important nutrient for diatoms. Silicate (SiO₃) is the building block they use to construct their glass-like cell walls (called frustules). Without ample silicate, diatom growth will be poor, and other, less desirable algae may take over. · Calculation: This dosage equals a concentration of 37.5 mg per liter (ppm). This is a standard and effective concentration for benthic diatom culture. 2. Fertilizer (Manusol 30:10:10): 0.25 g per 10 L (or 5 g per 200 L) · Purpose: This provides the essential macronutrients: · Nitrogen (N): 30% - For protein and chlorophyll synthesis. · Phosphorus (P): 10% - For energy transfer (ATP) and nucleic acids. · Potassium (K): 10% - For enzyme activation and osmotic regulation. · Calculation: This dosage equals a concentration of 25 mg per liter (ppm). This is a good, balanced level to support growth without risking a harmful algal bloom of unwanted species. --- # general techniques and methods in hatchery All metals are suspect and should be avoided if possible. Titanium and stainless steel 316 may be used in small amounts if absolutely necessary. If metal pump parts cannot be avoided, use stainless steel 316 or cast iron. Metal should be coated with a tested epoxy paint wherever possible. Step-by-Step Guide: How to Use This Recipe This process assumes you are conditioning water that will be used to grow biofilm on PVC sheets or other substrates in a separate nursery tank. Phase A: Preparing the Enriched Seawater For a 200-L culture tank (a common size for conditioning): 1. Fill the tank with 200 liters of filtered (1-micron) and UV-sterilized seawater. 2. Add Silicate First: Weigh 7.5 grams of sodium metasilinate. Dissolve it completely in a small cup of fresh water from the tank. Once fully dissolved, pour this solution evenly throughout the tank. 3. Add Fertilizer Next: Weigh 5.0 grams of Manusol (30:10:10). Dissolve it completely in a separate small cup of tank water. Pour this solution evenly throughout the tank. 4. Aerate and Mix: Turn on the air stones to vigorously mix the nutrients into the water for at least 30 minutes. 5. Inoculate with Diatoms: Add your live, healthy diatom inoculum (Navicula, Amphora, etc.) to the tank. The water may slightly change color. 6. Condition: Let the tank run with aeration and light for 24-48 hours before using this water. This allows the diatoms to multiply and the chemistry to stabilize. Phase B: Applying to the Nursery Tank with PVC Sheets You have two main methods: Method 1: Direct Application (Most Common) 1. Place your clean PVC sheets into the empty nursery tank that will hold the juvenile sandfish. 2. Fill the nursery tank directly with the pre-conditioned, nutrient-rich water from your 200-L culture tank. 3. The diatoms in the water will immediately begin to colonize the PVC sheets. 4. Provide light and gentle water flow. A golden-brown biofilm should be visible on the sheets within 3-5 days. Method 2: Water Exchange Method 1. Fill your nursery tank (with PVC sheets already inside) with plain, filtered seawater. 2. Inoculate it with your diatom culture. 3. Add the nutrients directly to the nursery tank using the same per-liter ratio: · For every 10 liters of water in the nursery tank, add: · 0.375 g Sodium Metasilicate · 0.25 g Manusol (30:10:10) 4. This method is simpler but can be less consistent than pre-conditioning the water. --- Critical Considerations and Best Practices · Bio-Security: Always use sterilized water and clean equipment. The goal is to grow diatoms, not parasites or harmful bacteria. · Light: Diatoms need light for photosynthesis. Provide 12-16 hours of light per day using full-spectrum or cool-white fluorescent/LED lights. Avoid direct sunlight, which can overheat the culture. · Aeration: Gentle but constant aeration is needed to keep nutrients suspended and provide gas exchange, but it should not be so strong that it shears the delicate biofilm off the PVC sheets. · Re-dosing: As the juveniles graze and the diatoms consume nutrients, you will need to replenish. After the initial setup, perform a 20% water change every few days and add 20% of the original nutrient dose (e.g., for a 200L tank, add 1.5g silicate and 1.0g fertilizer after the water change) to sustain growth. · Observation: A healthy, diatom-dominated biofilm will be a smooth, golden-brown to dark brown color. If you see green, hair-like algae, it often means the silicate ratio is too low, or your initial inoculum was not strong enough in diatoms. Comparison to Standard F/2 Medium For reference, your recipe is similar to the classic F/2 algal medium used in aquaculture, but simplified. F/2 typically includes trace metals and vitamins. Your Manusol fertilizer provides the N-P-K, and the sodium metasilicate provides the Si. This simplification is perfectly adequate for many hatchery operations. Conclusion: Your provided dosages are correct and represent a standard, effective recipe for cultivating the diatom biofilm essential for raising healthy sandfish juveniles. The key is consistent application and good husbandry practices. ## [Hatchery Feed](https://www.epicorebionetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/epifeed-lhf3.pdf) # [Microalgae fertelizer](https://www.epicorebionetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/epizym-agpc.pdf) - [Make F/2 fertelizer](https://wordpress.clarku.edu/debrobertson/laboratory-protocols/f2-culture-media/) - [another F/2 version](https://www.uni-due.de/imperia/md/content/biology/ccac/f_2.pdf) - [another techniue](https://zoo.unibas.ch/people/dita/lab/methods_pdfs/f2_adjusted.pdf) ### Requirements to Set Up a *Vannamei* Shrimp Hatchery To establish a successful Pacific White Shrimp (*Litopenaeus vannamei*) hatchery, you need the following key components: --- |Table 1. Comparison between Brachionus species and Colurella adriatica in terms of size| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |Rotifer species |Lorica length (µm)| Lorica width (µm)| |----------------|------------------|--------------------| |C. adriatica | 47.530- 98.868| 34.308–56.277| |B. plicatilis (L type) |130- 340| 116–146| |B. rotundiformis (S type) |100- 210| 98–121| |B. rotundiformis (SS type)| 58-120| 58 -100| [Food web](https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/1208972) [Hatchery](https://youtu.be/nC8ODLchAfI?si=oFTaONLuwqmxWe2v) [refenence](https://www.salemmicrobes.com/blog-view.php?id=18) [reference 2](https://ecowateraqua.com/info-detail/unveiling-the-eastern-pacifics-white-gem) [certificate of anti-biotic free aquaculture inputs](https://www.salemmicrobes.com/upload/pdf/product/1705582563307.pdf) - [**female** or male L Vannamei at first legs and hole](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MLxpxANqxOo) -Female grows faster than male vannamei at the same age](https://www.entomoljournal.com/archives/2019/vol7issue5/PartN/7-4-307-805.pdf ) ## 1. Hatchery Design & Infrastructure ### 📍 Location - Proximity to clean seawater (salinity **25–35 ppt**). - Minimizing the distance for seawater intake reduces pumping costs and potential issues with long pipe runs. - The seawater intake should be from depth seawater instead of shallow seawater (temperature, salinity, turbidity variation greatly day and night or daily) - Locating the hatchery close to sea level avoids the need for powerful pumps to lift water, reducing operational costs. - The hatchery operations are expected to run year-round. However, there may be seasons when the seawater source may become turbid, caused by intense rainfall or storms. The sand-filter system described in earlier sections (Section 2.2.2.) can help reduce this turbidity. Additionally, water stored in the reservoir can be held longer (1–2 days) to allow the remaining silt to settle, before the water is used in the tanks. Water exchange in broodstock tanks can also be delayed until the water source is clear of silt. - Raw seawater needs to be filtered to remove debris and potentially sterilized to eliminate harmful bacteria and pathogen - Avoid polluted areas (industrial/agricultural runoff). - Reliable electricity (backup generator required). - Algal Culture: - Independent algal culture system: A dedicated space for producing phytoplankton (algae) is essential for feeding larvae and juveniles. - Air supply and water treatment: Consider the air supply and water treatment needs for the algal cultures. - Distribution of algae: Efficient methods for delivering algae to larval and juvenile tanks are necessary - Biosecurity: - Segregation of different life stages: - Separate areas for broodstock, larvae, and juveniles minimize the risk of disease transmission. - Controlled access: - Limiting access to the hatchery and implementing strict hygiene protocols are essential. - [New Arrival Acclimation Guide](https://www.liveaquaria.com/article/157/?aid=157) - [Biota's acclimation guide for all fish, corals, clams, and inverts ](https://shop.thebiotagroup.com/pages/acclimation-guide) ### 🏗 Facility Layout | Section | Purpose | |---------|---------| | Broodstock Tanks | Holding & conditioning mature shrimp | | Spawning Tanks | Egg hatching & nauplii collection | | Larval Rearing Tanks | PL1–PL5 rearing (greenwater/biofloc) | | Algal Culture Unit | Produce live feed (e.g., *Chaetoceros*, *Tetraselmis*) | | Artemia Hatching Room | Decapsulated cysts for larval feed | | Post-Larval (PL) Nursery | Grow PL10–PL15 before sale | | Lab & Water Treatment | Water testing, disinfection (UV/chlorine) | Tank Specifications: - FRP/Concrete tanks (smooth, non-toxic). - Round/oval shape (better water circulation). - Capacity: - Broodstock: 5–10 tons (1–2 shrimp/m²). - Larval rearing: 2–5 tons. --- ## 2. Water Supply & Treatment ### 🌊 Water Source - Seawater intake (sand filter + sedimentation tank). - Brackish water (if inland, use artificial sea salt). ### 💧 Water Treatment System - Mechanical filtration (sand filter, drum filter). - Biological filtration (bio-balls, bio-media).[Microalgae and ditoms?](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8810035/table/t0001/) - [Disinfection (UV sterilizer, chlorine removal)](https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/oxidants-enhance-water-quality/). - Aeration (air blowers, diffusers). #### [How Potassium Permanganate Works in Water Treatment](https://www.getwsu.com/potassium-permanganate/) In water treatment applications, potassium permanganate acts as an oxidizer that reacts with: Iron and manganese – oxidizes soluble iron (Fe2+) and manganese (Mn2+) into solid particles that can be filtered out Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) – removes unpleasant sulfur odors Organic matter and algae – helps reduce biological growth and improve clarity Taste and odor compounds – neutralizes earthy or musty smells often caused by decaying organic material KMnO4 can reduce dissolved oxygen levels. Water Sterilization --- Water sterilization requires two steps: prefiltration and disinfection. For prefiltration, use filters with a mesh of less than 200-300 microns at the water inlet to prevent entry of pathogens, predators and undesirable settleable solids. The filters should be maintained regularly by rinsing them with clean water and removing any deposits. When it comes to water disinfection, chemical disinfectants should be used to eliminate all germs. For 24 hours, add 20–30 ppm sodium hypochlorite 60 percent, 0.5–2.5 ppm KMnO4, and 10 ppm TCCA to the filtered water. During chemical disinfection, maintain maximum aeration. To get rid of the leftover chlorine, multiply the remaining chlorine concentration by three to get the right amount of sodium thiosulphate. Finally, repeat the process two to seven times throughout the course of 24 hours. Critical Parameters: | Parameter | Optimal Range | |-----------|--------------| | Temperature | 28–30°C | | Salinity | 25–35 ppt | | pH | 7.8–8.2 | | DO (Dissolved Oxygen) | >5 ppm | | Ammonia NH4+| <0.1 ppm | | Nitrite NO3- | <0.05 ppm | --- ## 3. Broodstock Management ### 🦐 Source of Broodstock - SPF (Specific Pathogen-Free) from certified suppliers. - Wild-caught (if SPF unavailable, quarantine first {vannamei 10 days}). ### 🔬 Conditioning & Ablation - Unilateral eyestalk ablation (for induced spawning). - High-protein diet (squid, mussels, polychaetes). - Hormonal supplements (e.g., serotonin for maturation). --- ## 4. Larval Rearing & Feeding ### 🥗 Live Feed Production | Stage | Feed Type | |-------|----------| | Nauplii (N1–N3) | No feeding (yolk sac) | | Zoea (Z1–Z3) | Microalgae (*Chaetoceros*, *Tetraselmis*) | | Mysis (M1–M3) | Artemia nauplii + algae | | Post-Larvae (PL1–PL15) | Formulated feed + Artemia | --- | stage | action protocol-O2tree| |-------|----------------| |PL? | eliminate PL slow molting,etc| --- Algal Culture Setup: - Photobioreactors or plastic bags. - Lighting: 24-hour LED (5000–10,000 lux). --- Microalgae types: - Nannochloropsis sp (freshwater media or/and seawater) - The Nannochloropsis genus includes several species, such as: - Nannochloropsis gaditana, Nannochloropsis granulata, Nannochloropsis oceanica, Nannochloropsis limnetica, Nannochloropsis salina, and Nannochloropsis oculata. - Chollera volgaris sp ( freshwater with seawater tolerance) - Tetraselmis is a green algal genus within the order Chlorodendrales (freshwater and seawater) - Isochrysis is a flagellated marine algae genus good for bivalve larvae - Pavlova sp. and Chaetoceros sp. are marine algae genus for abalone larvae - Thalassiosira weissflogii - Synechococus is marine microalgae Artemia Decapsulation: - Hatching rate: >90% (use premium cysts). - Enrichment (HUFA, vitamins) before feeding. --- ## 5. Hatchery Equipment Checklist | Equipment | Purpose | |-----------|---------| | Air blowers & diffusers | Aeration | | Water pumps | Circulation | | Heaters/chillers | Temp control | | UV sterilizer | Disinfection | | Microscope:Olympus CH2 | Larval monitoring | | DO/pH meters | Water testing | | Incubators | Artemia hatching | | Regrifrator | store phytoplanton and rotifer| | dark and lighting for broodstock emulate summer| 14 hour light, 10 hour dark| | [Big aqua botle 25 l? or
plastic bag] with wiremesh outside()| Microalgae culture| | Weight mechine 0.01 g and 0.1 gr and 1gr resolution| buy aliexpress| | 4000W model RRH-2000A seaweed / sargassum blender to 300-400um RRi hong ltd| 2000g Commercial Spice Grinder Electric Grain Mill Grinder High Speed| || --- ## 6. Biosecurity & Disease Control - Quarantine new broodstock (7–10 days). - Disinfect tanks (iodine, chlorine between batches). - PCR testing (for WSSV, IHHNV, EHP). - Probiotics (*Bacillus* spp.) to prevent vibriosis. --- ## 7. Hatchery Economics | Cost Factor | Estimated Budget (USD) | |------------|----------------------| | Land & Construction | $50,000–$200,000 | | Broodstock (100 females) | $5,000–$10,000 | | Equipment | $20,000–$50,000 | | Operational (monthly) | $5,000–$15,000 | Revenue Potential: - Post-larvae (PL12) price: $1–$3 per 1,000 PLs. - Production capacity: 10–50 million PLs/month. --- ## ✅ Key Success Factors ✔ Strict water quality control ✔ High-quality broodstock (SPF) ✔ Efficient live feed production ✔ Disease prevention (biosecurity) Need a detailed business plan or SOPs? Let me know! 🚀 ### Sea Cucumber Hatchery Setup & Production Guide *(For Sandfish [*Holothuria scabra*], Tiger Tail [*Holothuria atra*], and other commercial species)* --- ## 1. Hatchery Design & Infrastructure ### 📍 Location Requirements - Clean seawater (salinity 30–35 ppt, temperature **26–30°C**). - Protected from storms & pollution (avoid industrial/urban areas). - Access to electricity & freshwater (for larval rearing). ### 🏗 Facility Layout | Section | Purpose | |---------|---------| | Broodstock Tanks | Mature adult conditioning & spawning | | Spawning Tanks | Induced spawning & fertilization | | Larval Rearing Tanks | Auricularia → Doliolaria → Pentactula stages | | Settlement Tanks | Juvenile settlement on substrates | | Nursery Tanks | Grow-out to 1–5 cm juveniles | | Algal Culture Unit | Live feed (diatoms, *Chaetoceros*) | | Water Treatment | Filtration, UV sterilization | [fish meal price](https://www.datawrapper.de/_/TjwV6/) Tank Specifications: - Round/oval FRP/fiberglass tanks (2–10 tons capacity). - Shallow tanks (0.5–1 m depth) for larval rearing. - Dark-colored tanks (reduces stress in larvae). --- ## 2. Broodstock Collection & Conditioning ### 🔍 Selection Criteria - Healthy, disease-free adults (no lesions, active movement). - Mature size: - *Holothuria scabra*: ≥20 cm, 300–500 g. - *Holothuria atra*: ≥25 cm, 400–600 g. ### 🌡 Conditioning Process - Acclimatize in tanks (salinity/temperature matching wild habitat). - Feed natural diet: - Seaweed powder (30% protein). - Microalgae (*Navicula*, *Chaetoceros*). - Thermal shock method for spawning induction: - Raise temp to 32°C for 1 hr, then return to 28°C. --- ## 3. Spawning & Fertilization ### ⚡ Induced Spawning Techniques 1. Temperature Shock (Most common) - Expose to 5°C above ambient for 30–60 mins. 2. Drying + Sunlight Exposure - Keep broodstock dry for 30 mins, then return to water. 3. Gonad Stimulation (Experimental) - Serotonin injection (1–2 µg/g body weight). ### 🥚 Egg Collection & Fertilization - Eggs: 100,000–500,000 per female. - Sperm: Dilute in seawater before mixing with eggs. - Fertilization rate: 70–90% under optimal conditions. --- ## 4. Larval Rearing (Auricularia → Pentactula) | Stage | Duration | Feed | Key Requirements | |-------|---------|------|-----------------| | Auricularia | 8–12 days | Microalgae (*Chaetoceros*, *Isochrysis*) | Gentle aeration, 28°C | | Doliolaria | 3–5 days | Mixed algae + yeast | Reduced light | | Pentactula | 5–7 days | Benthic diatoms (*Navicula*) | Settlement substrates | Water Quality: - pH: 7.8–8.3 - Ammonia: <0.1 ppm - DO: >5 mg/L --- ## 5. Juvenile Settlement & Nursery ### 🪨 Settlement Substrates - PVC plates (coated with biofilm). - Coral rubble/seaweed mats (natural texture). ### 📈 Nursery Grow-Out - Tank size: 2–5 tons (stocking density: **1,000–2,000 juveniles/m²**). - Feed: - Diatom paste (daily). - Seaweed powder (30% protein). - Survival rate: 30–60% (if managed well). --- ## 6. Key Equipment Checklist | Equipment | Purpose | |-----------|---------| | Air blowers & diffusers | Aeration for larvae | | Water heaters/chillers | Temp control | | UV sterilizer | Pathogen control | | Microscopes (40–100x) | Larval monitoring | | Algal photobioreactors | Live feed production | | Settlement plates | Juvenile attachment | --- ## 7. Disease & Biosecurity Management ### 🦠 Common Diseases - Skin ulceration (bacterial *Vibrio* spp.) → Treat with oxytetracycline baths. - Parasitic protozoa → Formalin dips (50 ppm for 30 mins). ### 🔒 Biosecurity Measures - Quarantine new broodstock (7–10 days). - Disinfect tanks (iodine, hydrogen peroxide). - PCR testing for pathogens. --- ## 8. Economics & Production Timeline | Phase | Duration | Cost (USD) | |-------|---------|-----------| | Broodstock conditioning | 1–2 months | $2,000–$5,000 | | Larval rearing | 20–30 days | $3,000–$8,000 | | Nursery (to 1–2 cm) | 2–3 months | $5,000–$10,000 | When transporting *Penaeus vannamei* (Pacific white shrimp), the requirements for Post Larva 15 (PL15) and Post Larva 10 (PL10) differ mainly in terms of density, water quality, oxygen demand, and stress sensitivity due to their developmental stages. Below is a comparison: ### 1. Size & Development Stage - PL10: Younger, smaller (≈ 10 days post-metamorphosis), more delicate, higher mortality risk. - PL15: Older, larger (≈ 15 days post-metamorphosis), more robust, better stress tolerance. ### 2. Transport Density (Per Bag/Liter) - PL10: Higher density possible (e.g., **5,000–10,000 PL10/L**) due to smaller size. - PL15: Lower density (e.g., **3,000–5,000 PL15/L**) due to larger size & higher oxygen demand. ### 3. Oxygen Requirements - PL10: Lower absolute oxygen demand but more sensitive to hypoxia. - PL15: Higher oxygen consumption per individual but more resilient to fluctuations. ### 4. Water Quality Sensitivity - PL10: More sensitive to ammonia, temperature swings, and salinity changes. - PL15: Hardier, tolerates slight variations better. ### 5. Temperature & Salinity - Both require 26–30°C and salinity 25–35 ppt, but: - PL10: Needs stricter stability. - PL15: Can handle minor deviations. ### 6. Stress Management - PL10: More prone to stress; may need additives (e.g., **buffers, probiotics**). - PL15: Handles transport stress better; fewer additives needed. ### 7. Transport Duration - PL10: Best for shorter hauls (<6–8 hrs). - PL15: Can endure longer transport (up to 12–24 hrs) with proper aeration. ### Key Takeaways - PL10: Higher density possible but needs more careful monitoring of water quality. - PL15: Lower density but hardier for long-distance transport. - For both: Use oxygen-filled bags, temperature control, and minimal stress handling. Would you like specific protocols for packing or acclimation? Here’s a step-by-step protocol for packing and transporting PL10 vs. PL15 *Litopenaeus vannamei*, including acclimation procedures to ensure high survival rates. --- ### 1. Pre-Transport Preparation #### A. Water Quality Adjustment - Salinity: Match transport water to the source farm’s salinity (± 2 ppt). - Temperature: Gradually adjust to 26–28°C (avoid sudden changes). - pH: Maintain 7.8–8.2 (use buffering agents if needed). - Ammonia/Nitrite: Must be <0.1 ppm (use zeolite or probiotics if high). #### B. Starvation - PL10: Stop feeding 6–8 hrs before packing (gut clearance). - PL15: Stop feeding 8–12 hrs before packing (larger body size = longer clearance time). --- ### 2. Packing Protocol #### A. Bag Specifications - Use oxygen-filled polyethylene bags (thickness ≥ 0.8 mm). - Fill 1/3 with water, 2/3 pure oxygen (O₂). - Add 2–5 g/L of activated charcoal (for ammonia control). #### B. Stocking Density | Stage | Bag Size (L) | Density (PL/L) | Max Transport Time | |--------|------------|---------------|-------------------| | PL10 | 10–15 | 5,000–10,000 | 6–8 hrs | | PL15 | 10–15 | 3,000–5,000 | 12–24 hrs | Note: - Reduce density by 20–30% if transport exceeds 12 hrs. - For air transport, decrease density further (PL10: 4,000–6,000/L, PL15: **2,000–3,000/L**). #### C. Additives (Optional but Recommended) - Stress Coat: 1–2 ppm (e.g., **aloe vera extract**). - Probiotics: *Bacillus spp.* (1–2 ppm) to reduce ammonia. - Antifungal/Mild Sedative: For long hauls (e.g., 2–5 ppm clove oil for PL15 only). --- ### 3. Transport Conditions - Temperature: Maintain 26–28°C (use cooling boxes or **insulated containers**). - Oxygen Monitoring: Ensure O₂ > 5 ppm (use oxygen tablets if needed). - Avoid Light & Vibration: Keep bags in dark, stable conditions. --- ### 4. Post-Transport Acclimation #### A. Floating for Temperature Adjustment - Float unopened bags in destination pond for 15–30 mins to equalize temperature. #### B. Gradual Salinity Mixing (If Needed) - Step 1: Open bag, add small amounts of pond water every 5 mins for 30–45 mins. - Step 2: Release PLs gently near aerated areas. #### C. Post-Release Care - PL10: Feed immediately with high-protein diet (e.g., *Artemia*). - PL15: Can wait 2–3 hrs before feeding (more resilient). --- ### 5. Survival Rate Expectations | Condition | PL10 Survival (%) | PL15 Survival (%) | |----------------------|------------------|------------------| | Ideal Transport | 85–90% | 90–95% | | Long Haul (>12h) | 70–80% | 85–90% | --- ### Key Differences Summary | Factor | PL10 Requirements | PL15 Requirements | |----------------|------------------|------------------| | Density | Higher (5–10k/L) | Lower (3–5k/L) | | O₂ Demand | Moderate | Higher | | Stress | More sensitive | More tolerant | | Max Time | 6–8 hrs | 12–24 hrs | Would you like modifications for specific conditions (e.g., air freight, road transport in hot climates)? LiveSeafood, [6/27/25 10:50 PM] Here’s a modified transport protocol for specific conditions, including air freight, hot climates, and long-distance road transport, with adjustments for PL10 vs. PL15 *Vannamei* shrimp: --- ### 1. Air Freight Protocol (PL10 & PL15) #### Key Challenges: - Pressure changes → Risk of bag rupture. - Strict airline regulations → Limited oxygen volume. - No access to temperature control in cargo hold. #### Adjustments: | Factor | PL10 | PL15 | |--------|------|------| | Bag Thickness | 0.1–0.15 mm double-layered | 0.15–0.2 mm double-layered | | Oxygen Ratio | 50% water, 50% O₂ (to prevent bursting) | 40% water, 60% O₂ (more resilient) | | Density | 3,000–4,000/L (reduce by 30%) | 1,500–2,500/L (reduce by 40%) | | Additives | 5 ppm EDTA (anti-stress) + 2 ppm probiotics | 3 ppm vitamin C (immune boost) | | Packaging | Styrofoam box + coolant gel packs (if >6 hrs) | Insulated box + thermal lining | Note: - Use oxygen-absorbing pads (for airline safety compliance). - Avoid ice (risk of cold shock; use chilled gel packs instead). --- ### 2. Hot Climate Transport (Road, >30°C Ambient) #### Key Challenges: - Heat stress → Increased metabolism → Oxygen depletion. - Ammonia spikes due to higher metabolic waste. #### Adjustments: | Factor | PL10 | PL15 | |--------|------|------| | Cooling Method | Frozen water bottles (wrapped in cloth) | Phase-change cooling packs | | Density | Reduce by 40% (e.g., 3,000–4,000/L → 1,800–2,400/L**) | **Reduce by 30% (e.g., **2,000–3,000/L → 1,400–2,100/L**) | | Oxygen | Pure O₂ + oxygen tablets (as backup) | O₂ with slow-release tablets | | Additives | 5 ppm sodium bicarbonate (pH buffer) | 2 ppm potassium chloride (ion regulator) | | Travel Time | Only during cooler hours (night/early morning) | Max 8 hrs (daytime) | Emergency Measures: - If bags overheat, gradually lower temperature (avoid sudden cooling). - Ammonia detox: Add zeolite chips (1–2 g/L) in extreme cases. --- ### 3. Long-Distance Road Transport (>24 Hours) #### Key Challenges: - Oxygen depletion → Risk of mass mortality. - Accumulated waste → Ammonia toxicity. #### Adjustments: | Factor | PL10 | PL15 | |--------|------|------| | Density | Max 1,500/L | Max 1,000/L | | Water Exchange | Not recommended (too stressful) | Partial exchange (10%) after 12 hrs if necessary | | O₂ Supply | Oxygen generator or cylinder with regulator | O₂ cylinders + diffuser stones | | Sedation | Avoid (too sensitive) | 1–2 ppm clove oil (if >24 hrs) | | Monitoring | Check O₂/ammonia every 4 hrs | Check every 6 hrs | Survival Tips: - Use battery-powered air pumps for backup aeration. - Darken transport containers to reduce stress. --- ### 4. Emergency Recovery Protocol If PLs arrive weak or stressed: 1. Gradual Acclimation: - Float bags for 45–60 mins (not 30 mins). - Drip-acclimate with pond water over 1–2 hrs. 2. Revival Additives: - PL10: 5 ppm glucose + 1 ppm vitamin B12. - PL15: 3 ppm calcium magnesium + probiotics. 3. Post-Release Care: - PL10: Hold in nursery tanks (1–2 days) before pond release. - PL15: Can be released directly but avoid feeding for 4–6 hrs. --- ### Final Recommendations by Condition | Transport Type | Best for PL10? | Best for PL15? | |---------------|---------------|---------------| | Air Freight | Only if <6 hrs | Preferred (more resilient) | | Hot Climate | Avoid if possible | Use with cooling packs | | Long Road Haul | Not recommended | Yes (with O₂ support) | For highest survival: - PL10: Keep transport <8 hrs, avoid extreme temps. - PL15: More flexible but monitor O₂ closely. Would you like a checklist for pre-transport inspection? Here’s a detailed pre-transport inspection checklist to ensure optimal survival rates for PL10 and PL15 *Vannamei* shrimp during packing and transit: --- ### 🛠 Pre-Transport Inspection Checklist *(For PL10 & PL15 – Adjust as Needed)* #### ✅ 1. Shrimp Health Assessment - PL10: - ✔️ No visible deformities (e.g., bent rostrum, uneven tails). - ✔️ Active swimming (≥90% of PLs responsive to light/movement). - PL15: ✔️ Gills should be clean (no black spots/fouling). ✔️ Full gut line (no empty intestines due to starvation). #### ✅ 2. Water Quality Verification - Both PL10 & PL15: - ✔️ Salinity: Matches source farm (±2 ppt). - ✔️ Temperature: 26–28°C (no sudden fluctuations). - ✔️ pH: 7.8–8.2 (use buffering if unstable). - ✔️ Ammonia/Nitrite: <0.1 ppm (zeolite on standby). - ✔️ Dissolved O₂: >5 ppm (calibrate meter before packing). #### ✅ 3. Packing Materials Check - Bags: - ✔️ Double-layered polyethylene (≥0.8 mm thickness for road; **1.0 mm for air**). - ✔️ No leaks (pressure-test with air before filling). - Oxygen Supply: - ✔️ Pure O₂ (≥99% purity) + backup oxygen tablets. - ✔️ Sealing clips/ties (test strength). - Additives: - ✔️ Activated charcoal (2–5 g/L) packed separately. - ✔️ Stress coat (e.g., aloe vera) for PL10. #### ✅ 4. Environmental Controls - For Hot Climates: - ✔️ Frozen gel packs (not ice) wrapped in cloth. - ✔️ Insulated box with reflector lining (if daytime transport). - For Air Freight: - ✔️ Airline-compliant O₂ levels (check IATA regulations). - ✔️ Pressure-release valve (if high-altitude flight). - For Long Hauls (>12 hrs): - ✔️ Battery-powered aerator (fully charged). - ✔️ Spare O₂ cylinder with regulator. #### ✅ 5. Logistics & Documentation - ✔️ Transport permits (if crossing borders). - ✔️ Emergency contacts (driver/farm/consignee). - ✔️ Route planned (avoid delays; no direct sunlight exposure). --- ### ⚠️ Red Flags to Cancel Transport | Issue | PL10 Risk | PL15 Risk | |-------|----------|----------| | Ammonia >0.2 ppm | HIGH (mortality ≥50%) | Moderate (mortality 20–30%) | | Temp >30°C | Extreme stress | Tolerable (if cooled) | | >10% weak/dead PLs | Do NOT pack | Assess cause first | --- ### 📌 Post-Checklist Actions 1. PL10-Specific: - Conduct 1-hour test pack with 1 bag (monitor O₂ drop rate). - Feed high-protein diet 12 hrs pre-transport (then starve). 2. PL15-Specific: - Check for exuviae (molts) in holding tank (indicates health). - Sedate only if transport >24 hrs (**1 ppm clove oil**). --- ### 🔧 Emergency Kit for Transport Team - For PL10: - Portable O₂ meter + ammonia test strips. - Glucose solution (for revival). - For PL15: - Spare battery-powered air pump. - Calcium magnesium (for osmotic balance). --- Final Tip: For PL10, prioritize shorter, cooler, and stable transports. PL15 can handle tougher conditions but still require monitoring. Would you like a printable PDF version of this checklist? LiveSeafood, [6/27/25 10:53 PM] Here’s a printable PDF-friendly version of the checklist. You can copy this into a document, adjust formatting, and save as a PDF: --- # 🦐 Pre-Transport Checklist for Vannamei PL10 & PL15 *(Print Before Each Shipment)* ### 📅 Date: _____ ### 🔢 Batch No.: _____ ### 🛣 Transport Type: ☐ Air ☐ Road ☐ Hot Climate ☐ Long Haul (>12h) --- ## 1. SHRIMP HEALTH INSPECTION | Checkpoint | PL10 | PL15 | Done (✓) | |------------|------|------|---------| | Active swimming (≥90%) | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | | No deformities (bent rostrum/tail) | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | | Gills clean (no black spots) | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | | Gut line visible (no starvation) | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ⚠️ If >10% weak/dead, DO NOT PACK. --- ## 2. WATER QUALITY | Parameter | Target | Measured | Acceptable? (✓/✗) | |-----------|--------|----------|------------------| | Temperature | 26–28°C | _____°C | ☐ | | Salinity | Match farm (±2 ppt) | _____ppt | ☐ | | pH | 7.8–8.2 | _ | ☐ | | Ammonia | <0.1 ppm | _____ppm | ☐ | | Dissolved O₂ | >5 ppm | _____ppm | ☐ | --- ## 3. PACKING MATERIALS | Item | PL10 | PL15 | Status (✓/✗) | |------|------|------|--------------| | Double-layer bags (≥0.8mm) | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | | Pure O₂ (99%) + backup tablets | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | | Activated charcoal (2–5g/L) | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | | Stress coat (aloe/EDTA) | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | --- ## 4. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS | Condition | Requirement | Verified? (✓) | |-----------|-------------|--------------| | Hot Climate | Gel packs (no ice) + insulated box | ☐ | | Air Freight | Airline-compliant O₂ levels | ☐ | | Long Haul | Battery aerator + spare O₂ cylinder | ☐ | --- ## 5. LOGISTICS | Task | Status (✓) | |------|-----------| | Permits/documents ready | ☐ | | Emergency contacts listed | ☐ | | Route planned (avoid heat/stops) | ☐ | --- ### 🚨 EMERGENCY KIT - Portable O₂/ammonia tester - Glucose (PL10) / Calcium (PL15) - Spare battery air pump --- ### 📝 NOTES ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Inspector Name: _______________ Signature: ______ --- ### 🔹 Survival Tips - PL10: Transport at night, max 8h. - PL15: Can handle 24h with O₂ support. *(Laminate this sheet for reuse!)* --- To convert this to PDF: 1. Copy-paste into Word/Google Docs. 2. Adjust fonts (use bold headers and **checkboxes**). 3. Save as PDF (File > Save As > PDF). Need a version with your farm’s logo? Let me know! LiveSeafood, [6/27/25 11:04 PM] ### Sea Cucumber Hatchery Setup & Production Guide *(For Sandfish [*Holothuria scabra*], Tiger Tail [*Holothuria atra*], and other commercial species)* --- ## 1. Hatchery Design & Infrastructure ### 📍 Location Requirements - Clean seawater (salinity 30–35 ppt, temperature **26–30°C**). - Protected from storms & pollution (avoid industrial/urban areas). - Access to electricity & freshwater (for larval rearing). ### 🏗 Facility Layout | Section | Purpose | |---------|---------| | Broodstock Tanks | Mature adult conditioning & spawning | | Spawning Tanks | Induced spawning & fertilization | | Larval Rearing Tanks | Auricularia → Doliolaria → Pentactula stages | | Settlement Tanks | Juvenile settlement on substrates | | Nursery Tanks | Grow-out to 1–5 cm juveniles | | Algal Culture Unit | Live feed (diatoms, *Chaetoceros*) | | Water Treatment | Filtration, UV sterilization | Tank Specifications: - Round/oval FRP/fiberglass tanks (2–10 tons capacity). - Shallow tanks (0.5–1 m depth) for larval rearing. - Dark-colored tanks (reduces stress in larvae). --- ## 2. Broodstock Collection & Conditioning ### 🔍 Selection Criteria - Healthy, disease-free adults (no lesions, active movement). - Mature size: - *Holothuria scabra*: ≥20 cm, 300–500 g. - *Holothuria atra*: ≥25 cm, 400–600 g. ### 🌡 Conditioning Process - Acclimatize in tanks (salinity/temperature matching wild habitat). - Feed natural diet: - Seaweed powder (30% protein). - Microalgae (*Navicula*, *Chaetoceros*). - Thermal shock method for spawning induction: - Raise temp to 32°C for 1 hr, then return to 28°C. --- ## 3. Spawning & Fertilization ### ⚡ Induced Spawning Techniques 1. Temperature Shock (Most common) - Expose to 5°C above ambient for 30–60 mins. 2. Drying + Sunlight Exposure - Keep broodstock dry for 30 mins, then return to water. 3. Gonad Stimulation (Experimental) - Serotonin injection (1–2 µg/g body weight). ### 🥚 Egg Collection & Fertilization - Eggs: 100,000–500,000 per female. - Sperm: Dilute in seawater before mixing with eggs. - Fertilization rate: 70–90% under optimal conditions. --- ## 4. Larval Rearing (Auricularia → Pentactula) | Stage | Duration | Feed | Key Requirements | |-------|---------|------|-----------------| | Auricularia | 8–12 days | Microalgae (*Chaetoceros*, *Isochrysis*) | Gentle aeration, 28°C | | Doliolaria | 3–5 days | Mixed algae + yeast | Reduced light | | Pentactula | 5–7 days | Benthic diatoms (*Navicula*) | Settlement substrates | Water Quality: - pH: 7.8–8.3 - Ammonia: <0.1 ppm - DO: >5 mg/L --- ## 5. Juvenile Settlement & Nursery ### 🪨 Settlement Substrates - PVC plates (coated with biofilm). - Coral rubble/seaweed mats (natural texture). ### 📈 Nursery Grow-Out - Tank size: 2–5 tons (stocking density: **1,000–2,000 juveniles/m²**). - Feed: - Diatom paste (daily). - Seaweed powder (30% protein). - Survival rate: 30–60% (if managed well). --- ## 6. Key Equipment Checklist | Equipment | Purpose | |-----------|---------| | Air blowers & diffusers | Aeration for larvae | | Water heaters/chillers | Temp control | | UV sterilizer | Pathogen control | | Microscopes (40–100x) | Larval monitoring | | Algal photobioreactors | Live feed production | | Settlement plates | Juvenile attachment | --- ## 7. Disease & Biosecurity Management ### 🦠 Common Diseases - Skin ulceration (bacterial *Vibrio* spp.) → Treat with oxytetracycline baths. - Parasitic protozoa → Formalin dips (50 ppm for 30 mins). ### 🔒 Biosecurity Measures - Quarantine new broodstock (7–10 days). - Disinfect tanks (iodine, hydrogen peroxide). - PCR testing for pathogens. --- ## 8. Economics & Production Timeline | Phase | Duration | Cost (USD) | |-------|---------|-----------| | Broodstock conditioning | 1–2 months | $2,000–$5,000 | | Larval rearing | 20–30 days | $3,000–$8,000 | | Nursery (to 1–2 cm) | 2–3 months | $5,000–$10,000 | --- https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/trials-test-effects-of-hormone-supplemented-feed-on-sex-reversal-of-freshwater-prawns/ ![life cycle of copepods](https://animalfact.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Copepods-Reproduction-Lifecycle.jpg) [brine shrimp sieve](https://www.brineshrimpdirect.com/rotifer-sieve) [green freshwater algae](https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2018/06/e3sconf_icenis2018_04009.pdf) *Diatoms are single cell eukaryotic microalgae* Alka-siltzer and **LUGOL solutions**: Phytoplankton are fixed with a Lugol-glycerol solution (2-3 % glycerol). Glycerol is required for flagellates. Please look at European Committee for Standardization, 2015. According to the standard method (European Committee for Standardization 2006), phytoplankton enumerations were carried out under an inverted microscope (Olympus CKX41) at magnifications of 400 and 600X. For each sample, at least 350 settling units of the dominant species were counted. Phytoplankton biovolume was calculated by multiplying the cell density and mean biovolume of the taxon, which was taken approximating geometric shapes of the least 25 individuals (Sun and Liu 2003).
graph LR; %% Ocean sea water %% x subgraph Pacific["Pacific-Indonesia"] direction LR ocean_Temp["Pacific surface T= approx 26~30C
ocean in the eastern part after wallece line is deeper and cooler vs in the west side"] end subgraph Teripang["Teripang"] direction LR Hatchery["Hatchery Teripang"] Nursury_Teripang("floating cage or Sea Pen
up to junivile") Nursury_Teripang --> Growout["grow out in fixed pen(Keramba Tancap-Sea Pen)
Media subtract sand and seagrass(lumun)
+1m permonth"] end click ocean_Temp "https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/trials-test-effects-of-hormone-supplemented-feed-on-sex-reversal-of-freshwater-prawns/" "Surface ocean temperature"
graph LR; %% Collecting Rotifer eggs %% x subgraph Rotifer["Collecting and storing Rotifer"] direction LR Rotifer_eggs["Collecting rotifer eggs for store up to 2 years"] Rotifer_dormat["store rotifer in cold temperature forup to 8 weeks"] preserve_Pythoplankton["use Lugol to preserve pythoplaankton and zooplantok life (not the eggs) in dark botol"] end click Rotifer_eggs "https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/trials-test-effects-of-hormone-supplemented-feed-on-sex-reversal-of-freshwater-prawns/" "Rotifer eggs" click preserve_Pythoplankton "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283211219_Marine_phytoplankton_preservation_with_Lugol's_a_comparison_of_solutions" "Lidol to preserve pythoplankton"
graph LR; %% Freshwater prawn sex reversal %% x subgraph SexReverse["Sex reversal"] direction LR prawn_Male["Methyltestosterone experiment"] prawn_Female["Dopamine experiment
Ovaprim Fish Hormone Domperidone Sgnrha Injection"] sex_reverse_for_tilapia["Tilapia sex reversal in fry stage"] end FWprawn["Mixed Culture"] FWprawn_M["Male mono culture
Teritorial"] FWprawn_F["Female mono culture
higher density
more uniform
less teritorial vs male"] click SexReverse "https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/trials-test-effects-of-hormone-supplemented-feed-on-sex-reversal-of-freshwater-prawns/" "SexReversal Post Larva" click sex_reverse_for_tilapia "https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/artificial-incubation-hormonal-sex-reversal-promoted-tilapia-boom/" "Sex reversal for tilapia"
flowchart TD A[Start: New Fish Arrives] --> B[Float Sealed Bag
15-20 mins for Temperature Equalization] B --> C{Check Salinity Difference} C -- "Salinity Δ ≤ .001 OR 1 ppt?" --> D[Quick Transfer:
Net fish directly into tank] C -- "Salinity Δ > .001 OR 1ppt?" --> E[Short Drip:
30 mins max, use ammonia neutralizer] D --> F[Discard ALL bag water] E --> F F --> G[Keep tank lights off for 4+ hours]
flowchart TD A[Start: New Scallop Arrives] --> B[Float Sealed Bag
15 mins for Temperature Equalization] B --> C[Transfer to Bucket
Ensure fully submerged, no air exposure] C --> D[Begin Slow Drip Acclimation
2-4 drips/second for 45-120 mins] D --> E[Water volume doubled?] E -- Yes --> F[Discard half the water] F --> D E -- No --> G[Continue Drip] G --> H[After 1-2 cycles, transfer specimen
Submerge bag underwater to release] H --> I[Discard ALL bucket water] I --> J[Light Acclimation: Keep lights off,
then gradually increase over weeks]
graph LR %% Benur vannamei Benur_Remark[""] BenurVPL_10["Vannamei Post Larva -10 days"] BenurVPL_15["Vannamei Post Larva - 15 days"] BenurVPL_10 ---> BenurVPL_15 BenurVPL_10 --->|"sell and ship to customer"| qnt_1_1 BenurVPL_15 --->|"sell and ship to customer"| qnt_1_2 subgraph select_req1_steps ["selection criteria"] direction LR select_strong["discard slow molting PL"] end BenurVPL_10 <---> select_req1_steps subgraph shipment_req1_steps ["shipment to customer PL10 < 6 ~ 8 hours
PL-15 < 12~24 hours"] direction LR Stress_Test_1_1["stress test prior to packing
salinity test
salinity 0, 30 min then tank salinity 30 min
count life > 85%"] weight_Test_1_1["number of PL count per PL1,Pl10,P12,P? statistics"] salinity["Both require 26–30°C and salinity 25–35 ppt"] qnt_1_1["PL-10 qnty: 5000-10000/L(seawater-1 L)
+2/3 filled with O2(2L)"] qnt_1_2["PL-15 qnty: 3000-5000/L(seawater-1 L)
2/3 filled with O2(2L)"] end click BenurVPL_10 "https://www.seafdec.org.ph/2011/seabass-hatchery/" "Vannemei Benur PL-10" click BenurVPL_15 "https://www.seafdec.org.ph/2011/seabass-hatchery/" "Vannemei Benur PL-15"
---
graph LR %% Kerapu and seabass FC0["Floating cage
Grading"] FC1["Keramba tancap
Berpasir dibawah
Grading"] FC2["Keramba dasar (0.5 m dari dasar)
Grading"] P0["Pond - outdoor"] P1(["Pond - indoor"]) subgraph pythoplankton["Marine Phytoplankton(microlgae and diatom) and/or freshwater pythoplanton
Media for MicroAlgae"] direction LR %% Microalgae cultivation can be carried out with freshwater, seawater, water from estuaries, wastewater from agricultural, industrial operations and domestic wastewater [15]. %% Algae media refers to the solution or culture in which algae grow. %% Nutrient that contained in the tofu wastewater are very useful for the production of Chlorella sp. %% Chlorella sp. usually grows in seawater %% https://era.dpi.qld.gov.au/id/eprint/10985/1/SS-strain%20rotifer%20culture%20for%20finfish%20larvae%20with%20small%20mouth%20gape.pdf culture_both["Chlorella vulgaris is green freshwater microalgae but seawater tolerance"] culture_pytho["Culture Marine pythoplankton/MicroAlgae (chlorella sp)"] culture_fresh_pytho["Culture freshwater microalgae Spirulina and Chlorella vulgaris"] end subgraph MacroAlgae["Culture seaweeds/MacroAlage"] direction LR seaweed["Life green/brown seaweed-Sargassum"] -->Powder_seaweed["Make dry powder seaweed"] --> Fermented_seaweed["Fermented dry power seaweeed"] seaweed---> Process_1["harvest the seed for future propagation"] end subgraph Sandfish_Scallop["Culture Scallop/Sandfish"] direction LR MacroAlgae -->Sandfish["Sandfish and Scallop feed"] culture_fresh_pytho -->Sandfish end subgraph plankton["Zooplankton culture"] R0{"Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis Large size 20-25°C
Euryhaline
Quality depend on its feeds"} R1{"Rotifer B. rotundiformis Small size 28-35°C
Low salinity
Quality depends on its feeds"} Copepods{"Copepods Bigger than Rotifer"} Monia{"Monia"} Daphina{"Daphina"} MicroAlgae["Green phytoplanktons"] --->R0 MicroAlgae -->R1 MicroAlgae ----> Copepods end Seabass1[/"Seabass Mature change sex 5kg ♀
Broodstock Rearing"/] Kerapu1[/"Grouper Mature change sex ♂
Broodstock Rearing"/] Kerapu(["Grouper: female at birth: ♀
Larva Rearing"]) --> |"size: 8-12cm cuci air tawar"| FC0 --> |"mature/adult size"| FC22["floating cage bigger net size
and/or tambak lebih besar ↑O2
Brookstock around 3kg"] Kerapu -->|tidak perlu| FC1 --> FC22 --> Kerapu1 Seabass(["Asian Seabass: Male at birth: ♂
Larva Rearing"]) --> |"size: 8 - 12cm bersisik tidak perlu pasir"| FC0 -->|"Mature/adult size"| FC22 --> Seabass1 Lobster["Lobster rearing"] -->FC2 click culture_fresh_pytho "https://algaeresearchsupply.com/products/algae-research-supply-algae-culture-chlorella-pyrenoidosa?srsltid=AfmBOoqYbKG86RMM1kP_KYZvTHlMmcgQWKry5cNg-7a28B-AxddtVZfK" "culture Chlorella" click Seabass "https://www.seafdec.org.ph/2011/seabass-hatchery/" "Seabass Hatchery" click Kerapu "https://www.seafdec.org.ph/hatchery-seedstock/" "Grouper Hatchery" click R1 "https://snextracts.com/collections/for-rotifers-and-artemia" "Rotifer eggs collection" style Kerapu1 fill:gold, color:black style Seabass1 fill:gold, color:black style R0 fill:blue, color:white style R1 fill:green, color: black style culture_both fill:green, color:white
flowchart TD T["Tilapia
iBEST (all Male) or
iEXCEL (Mixed-sex)"] subgraph plankton["Plankton feed to Larvae"] PyPL1["Pythoplanton"] R0{"Rotifer L Type ΔT,
20°C-25°C,Euryhaline
B. plicatilis (L)
171-238µm "} --> R0_1["Rotifer Large eggs collection"] R1{"Rotifer S Type ΔT,
28°C-35°C, Low Salinity
B. rotundiformis (S)
121-162µm"}-->R2_1["eggs collection
pick small eggs to have small size Rotifer"] R2_1 --> SR1{"Rotifer SStype
Choose smallest eggs S type"} Copepods["Copepods"] Artemia["Artemia
Brine shrmp"] eggs["Fish Eggs"] PyPL1 --> Artemia PyPL1 --> Copepods PyPL1 --> R0 PyPL1 --> R1 PyPL1 --> SR1 end subgraph hatchery["Hatchery Market Depend on Market"] direction LR Eggs["Eggs"] --> Larvae["Larvae"] --> Post_Larvae["Post Larvae"] -->Juvinille["Juvinille"] end subgraph growup ["growup Market size"] direction LR Market["different stage of Market"] end subgraph artemiaGrowth ["Artemeia Growth up Culture"] direction LR artemeia_eggs["Artemaia Eggs and larvae for feed"] end subgraph vitamin ["Vitamin C and B12 complex"] direction LR vitamin_feed["feed to rotifer prior to the feed for Hatchery"] end subgraph Pellet_Custard ["Pellet or Custaard"] direction LR Pellet_feed["Pellet feed"] custard["wet or frozen feed"] end T --> hatchery plankton --> hatchery hatchery --> growup style eggs fill:pink, color:black click hatchery "https://www.seafdec.org.ph/hatchery-seedstock/" "Grouper Hatchery" click Copepods "https://animalfact.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Copepods-Copepoda.jpg" "Copepods"
flowchart TB subgraph OCEAN9 ["fas:fa-ship OCEAN 9 "] direction LR TP([Telaga Punggur])-->|ferry 11:00 web kapaltiket.com| A([BENAN]) --> |"00:45"| B([Tajuh Biru]) --> C(["Sei Tenam"]) --> D(["Senayang"]) <--->|"from 07:15 Pancur"| E(["Pancur"]) end subgraph DRAGON5 ["fas:fa-ship DRAGON 5"] direction LR TP1(["Telaga punggur"]) --> CC(["Sei Tenam"])-->JG(["Jagoh"]) end subgraph Anambas ["fas:fa-ship Anambas"] direction LR TP2(["Telaga Punggur"]) --"Rp. 494k"--> Letung --"Rp 495k"--> Terempa(["Terempa"]) end subgraph Bintan["Pulau Bintan/Tanjung Pinang"] direction LR BTP(["Tanjung Pinang"]) end TP <--.--> TP1 <--.--> TP2 style A fill: black, color: white style B fill:grey, color:#fff style TP fill:blue, color: whit style TP1 fill:blue, color: white style TP2 fill:blue, color: white click BTP "https://www.welcometobintan.com/images/map.jpg" "Tanjung Pinang"
flowchart LR subgraph subgraph1["Benur Bening Lobster"] direction TB top1["🦞 ≤ 2 gr (≤ 2months)
SR 30%~40%
Nature < 0.01%"] --> bottom1["🦞 ≥ 5gr (2 - 3 months) SR ≥ 70%~80%"] end subgraph subgraph2["Top floating or/and
Bottom floating cage(Krankeng)"] direction TB top2[top] --> bottom2[bottom] end subgraph subgraph3["Top floating or/and
Bottom floating cage(Krankeng)"] direction TB top3[topx] --> bottom3[bottomx] end outside:::asNode --> subgraph1:::asNode outside ---> top2 -->top3 style subgraph2 fill:orange classDef asNode fill:grey, color:orange
pie title Investment weighting factor "Money" :60 "Labour" : 35 "Technology-Consultant" : 5
---
pie title Investment Sharing with Masanak Island "PT_Innovare" :75 "Mitra" : 15 "Desa" : 10