Test Page for Hatchery sap.ui.unified.Calendar

Single day Selection Calendar

# [Sludge dryer](https://en.benenv.com/super-rotary-sludge-dryer.html?gad_source=1&gad_campaignid=22338514457&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIstGB8_brjwMVtatmAh0ZABj-EAAYAiAAEgIoXPD_BwE) - sludge The sludge had been dewatered using a drum filter and dried using an oil-heated drum dryer (Scanship AS, Tønsberg, Norge) to a final dry matter content of 85-90% and was stored at ambient temperature until receipt. Sludge particle size was standardized to <1 mm by sifting through a 1-mm stainless steel sieve (wired mesh) and was subsequently stored at -20°C until feed preparation - measure of protein Protein was determined as nitrogen (N) in ground freeze-dried samples using a CHNS–O elemental combustion system (Costech Instruments ECS 4010) at a temperature of approximately 1000°C, where the sample N is converted to N gas/oxides. Results were expressed in g N per 100 g of dried sample and a N-to-protein conversion factor of 6.25 was used. Fatty acids (lipid) were analysed according to ISO 12966-2 and ISO 5509, and carbohydrate content was calculated as the difference between total weight subtracted water, protein, lipid, and ash. For each feed formulation, macronutrient content in Table 2 was calculated from the known composition of each separate feed ingredient (Table 1 # Binder LiveSeafood, [9/23/25 9:25 AM] Of course. This is a classic comparison in feed and food science. Choosing between gelatin and agar as a binder depends heavily on the specific requirements of your feed, particularly regarding water stability and texture. Here is a detailed comparison of gelatin and agar as binders for aquafeeds. 📊 Gelatin vs. Agar: A Direct Comparison Feature Gelatin (Animal-based) Agar (Seaweed-based) Source Derived from collagen (from bones, skins of pigs/cattle/fish). Extracted from red seaweed (e.g., Gelidium, Gracilaria). Chemical Nature Protein. Complex polysaccharide (a type of fiber). Gelling Mechanism Thermo-reversible: Melts when warmed (around 35-40°C) and sets when cooled. Thermo-irreversible: Once it sets after boiling and cooling, it does not re-melt when heated (it remains stable until it chars at very high temperatures). Gel Texture Elastic, flexible, and chewy. Firm, brittle, and crisp. Water Stability Good. Forms a strong matrix that reduces leaching. However, it can soften in warm water. Excellent. Creates an incredibly stable gel that is highly resistant to dissolving in warm water, making it one of the best binders for water stability. Activation Required Yes. Must be dissolved in warm water (typically 50-60°C) to activate. Yes. Must be boiled for a few minutes to fully hydrate and activate. Nutritional Contribution Digestible protein. Indigestible soluble fiber (acts as a prebiotic). Cost Moderately expensive. Generally more expensive than gelatin. Suitability for Vegetarian/Vegan Diets No (animal-derived). Yes (plant-derived). --- 🧪 Key Functional Differences & How to Choose The choice boils down to the "thermo-reversible" vs. "thermo-irreversible" property. This single difference dictates which binder is best for your application. When to Choose AGAR (The Seaweed Binder) Agar is the superior choice when maximum water stability is the absolute top priority. · Why: Because its gel does not melt, a pellet bound with agar will maintain its integrity for a very long time, even in warm water. It will slowly erode as the animal eats it, rather than disintegrating into a mush. · Ideal for: · Feeds for slow-feeding aquatic species like shrimp, sea cucumbers (sandfish), and bottom-dwellers. · Larval feeds where a tiny, highly stable particle is needed. · Situations where you need a very firm, non-elastic texture. · Formulating vegetarian or vegan aquafeeds. When to Choose GELATIN (The Animal Protein Binder) Gelatin is the better choice when you need a softer, more flexible, and highly palatable pellet. · Why: The elastic gel is easier for many fish to bite and chew. Its protein content can also contribute to the nutritional profile. · Ideal for: · Soft-moist feeds for broodstock or larvae. · Feeds for fish that prefer a softer texture. · Applications where the binding needs to be strong but not rock-hard. · When you want to add a digestible protein source to the feed. 💡 Practical Recommendation for Sandfish Feed Given your interest in sandfish (Holothuria scabra), which are slow-feeding detritivores that need a feed to remain stable on the seafloor for extended periods, agar is likely the technically superior choice. · Reason: The thermo-irreversible gel of agar will ensure the feed pellet does not quickly dissolve and foul the water, allowing the sandfish ample time to find and consume it. However, the final decision should consider: 1. Cost: Agar is expensive. You must determine if the improved stability justifies the higher feed cost. 2. Palatability: You must ensure the sandfish will actually eat the agar-bound feed. A small-scale test is essential. 3. Combination Approach: Some feed formulators use a combination of binders (e.g., a base of cheaper starch like tapioca with a small percentage of agar) to balance cost and performance. Next Step: I would recommend running a simple water stability test. Create small feed pellets using gelatin and others using agar at the same concentration. Place them in containers of seawater and observe how long they take to fall apart. LiveSeafood, [9/23/25 9:25 AM] This will give you a clear, practical answer for your specific recipe. I hope this detailed comparison helps you make an informed decision for your project. 📊 Binder Showdown: Gelatin vs. Agar vs. Sago Feature Gelatin (Animal-based) Agar (Seaweed-based) Sago (Plant-based) Source Collagen from animal parts (skin, bones). Red seaweed (e.g., Gelidium). Pith of the sago palm (Metroxylon sagu). Chemical Nature Protein. Complex polysaccharide (soluble fiber). Starch (a carbohydrate, very similar to tapioca). Primary Binding Mechanism Forms a thermo-reversible, elastic gel. Forms a thermo-irreversible, firm and brittle gel. Starch gelatinization: granules swell with heat/water to form a viscous paste. Water Stability Good. Strong but can soften in warm water. Excellent. The gold standard for water stability; very slow to disintegrate. Fair to Moderate. Better than no binder, but susceptible to softening and leaching. Pellet Texture Elastic, flexible, and chewy. Very firm, hard, and brittle. Soft, crumbly, and dough-like. Nutritional Contribution Digestible protein. Indigestible fiber (acts as a prebiotic). Digestible carbohydrates (energy). Relative Cost Moderate to High. High (most expensive of the three). Very Low (often the cheapest option). Best Suited For Soft-moist feeds, palatability enhancement. Critical water stability (shrimp, sandfish). Low-cost feeds for fast-feeding fish. --- 🧠 How to Choose: A Practical Guide Your choice depends on balancing three key factors: Water Stability, Cost, and Feed Purpose. 1. Choose AGAR for Maximum Performance · When: Your absolute top priority is keeping the feed intact in water for as long as possible. · Ideal for: Slow-feeding bottom-dwellers like your sandfish, shrimp, and larval feeds. · Reason: Its thermo-irreversible gel is unmatched for stability. The pellet will erode slowly rather than dissolve. 2. Choose GELATIN for a Balanced, High-Quality Feed · When: You need good water stability but also value palatability and a softer texture. · Ideal for: Soft moist feeds for broodstock, or for species that prefer a flexible, protein-enhanced pellet. · Reason: Provides good binding and contributes digestible protein to the diet. 3. Choose SAGO for Cost-Effectiveness · When: Minimizing feed cost is the primary goal, and some leaching or pellet breakdown is acceptable. · Ideal for: Inexpensive feeds for fast-feeding fish like tilapia or carp that consume the pellet quickly. · Reason: It is an extremely cheap binder that provides basic cohesion. It is not suitable for feeds that must last for hours on the pond bottom. 💡 Application to Your Sandfish Project For sandfish, which are slow feeders requiring a stable pellet, the choice is clear: · Agar is the technically superior choice due to its unbeatable water stability. · Gelatin is a viable, though less stable, alternative that might offer better palatability. · Sago is not recommended as a primary binder for sandfish. A sago-bound pellet would likely disintegrate too quickly, fouling the water and becoming unavailable to the animals. Pro Tip: The Blended Approach A common strategy in feed formulation is to blend binders to balance cost and performance. For example, you could use: · A base of cheap sago (e.g., 5-10% of the formula) to provide initial cohesion and lower cost. · A small amount of agar (e.g., 1-2%) to dramatically improve the final water stability. This approach can often yield a pellet that is much more stable than one with sago alone, at a lower cost than one using only agar. ✅ Conclusion In short, while sago is the most economical binder, it is functionally inferior to both gelatin and agar for applications requiring high water stability. For your sandfish feed, agar should be your first choice, with gelatin as a second option if palatability is a concern. I hope this detailed comparison helps you make the best decision for your formulation! # [Saandfish and abalone feed](http://www.yf-aquatic-feed.com/product/tree-product/page2.html) [instant algae feed](https://reedmariculture.com/) [Quicklime in Batam](http://www.tokokimiadibatam.com/2025/03/kapurtohor.html) [fish feed mineral 101](https://www.feedspectrum.com/nutrition/fish-food-101) [shrimp feed](http://www.yf-aquatic-feed.com/nanmeiduixiasiyangfangfa.html) [check on the metric](http://www.yf-aquatic-feed.com/shuichanyangzhiruhexuanzeshuichansiliao.html) Excessive protein is a metabolic burden for aquatic animals. In addition, the quality of protein is determined by the proportion and quantity of amino acid composition, and the amino acid composition of different protein sources has great differences under the same protein level, resulting in great differences in growth effects. For example, fish meal and soybean meal, under the same protein level, the growth effect of fish meal as protein source feed is better than that of soybean meal as protein source feed. Therefore, the quality of feed should be evaluated by integrating protein level, other nutrient level and raw material source. Optimal ash content for aquaculture feeds A healthy, well-formulated commercial feed for most aquatic species typically has an ash content between 7% and 12% on a dry matter basis. This range ensures the animals receive necessary minerals without consuming excessive, indigestible material. Natural diet of sandfish Sandfish are deposit feeders that consume organic matter, algae, and small organisms in the sand and sediment. Their digestive systems are adapted to extract nutrition from this natural, low-energy source. While supplementary feeding in aquaculture is common, it should be done with a balanced diet that mimics their natural food sources as closely as possible. Studies show successful hatchery and grow-out diets incorporating powdered algae, seaweed, and probiotic mixtures, not just high-ash mea # Factors affecting aquatic feed storage in high temperature season 2021-10-27 In high temperature season, there is a lot of rain and high humidity in the air. If the aquatic compound feed is kept improperly, it is easy to be affected by high temperature and humidity and deteriorate, resulting in losses. So how to store and keep aquatic compound feed scientifically and reasonably in high temperature season is particularly important. Temperature is one of the most important factors affecting the storage of aquatic feed Temperature had a great influence on the warehousing and storage of compound feed, because a small amount of moisture and nutrient found in compound feed, for the survival, reproduction provides favorable conditions of bacteria, bacteria enzyme activity under high temperature has a certain degree, bacterial activity enhancement, a large number of breeding, decompose the components in the compound feed rapidly, so that deterioration, and produce a large number of harmful substances, Aquaculture animals eat moldy feed, will not only affect its normal growth, long-term past, toxic and harmful substances in aquaculture animals accumulated in the body, will eventually bring disaster to the health of consumers. When the temperature is lower than 10℃, mold growth is slow, the growth is faster than 30℃, compound feed will deteriorate rapidly, therefore, during high temperature, compound feed should be stored in low temperature ventilation place. The storeroom for storing feed should have heat insulation, light, radiation and other properties, so the top of the storeroom should be insulated, trees should be planted around it for shade, and the walls should be painted white to reduce heat absorption. Moisture and humidity are two important factors affecting the storage of aquatic feed Humidity and moisture in the air also play an important role in the storage of compound feed. The moisture of compound feed is generally required to be below 12%. If the humidity in the air is too high, the moisture in compound feed will exceed this proportion, and it will be easy to mildew in summer. Therefore, the storage of compound feed during high temperature should be kept dry, and the packaging should use double bags. In addition to the textile bag packaging outside, there should be a layer of airtight plastic bags inside, so as to prevent the infiltration of moisture in the air. In order to prevent moisture, the compound feed should be stored more than 30 cm away from the ground, and not against the wall. The ground should be covered with straw, rice husk and other moisture-proof materials, and then covered with a layer of straw mat, and finally stacked compound feed is safer. The above cooling and moisture-proof measures can ensure that the aquatic compound feed will not become mildew during the high temperature in summer. # Fermented soymail LiveSeafood, [9/22/25 6:51 AM] Soybean meal (SBM) is a widely used plant-based protein source in animal feed due to its high protein content and balanced amino acid profile. However, it contains several anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) that can impair nutrient absorption, reduce digestibility, and negatively affect animal health and growth if not properly managed. Below is a detailed list of the major ANFs in soybean meal and methods to eliminate or reduce them, supported by scientific insights and processing techniques. --- 🌱 1. Protease Inhibitors (Trypsin Inhibitors) · Description: Trypsin inhibitors (e.g., Kunitz and Bowman-Birk inhibitors) block the activity of proteolytic enzymes like trypsin and chymotrypsin, reducing protein digestibility. This can lead to pancreatic hypertrophy and impaired growth in animals. · Elimination Methods: · Heat Treatment: Moist heat processing (e.g., autoclaving, steaming, or extrusion) at 110°C for 30 minutes effectively inactivates trypsin inhibitors. However, over-heating can reduce amino acid availability (e.g., lysine) due to Maillard reactions. · Fermentation: Solid-state fermentation with bacteria (e.g., Bacillus subtilis) or fungi (e.g., Aspergillus oryzae) significantly reduces trypsin inhibitor activity by enzymatic degradation. · Enzyme Treatment: Supplemental enzymes (e.g., proteases) can break down inhibitors during feed processing. --- 🌾 2. Oligosaccharides (Raffinose and Stachyose) · Description: These α-galactosides are indigestible by monogastric animals due to the lack of endogenous α-galactosidase. They cause osmotic diarrhea, flatulence, and reduced nutrient absorption by increasing gut transit time. · Elimination Methods: · Fermentation: Microbial fermentation (e.g., with Bacillus siamensis) hydrolyzes oligosaccharides into digestible sugars. · Enzyme Supplementation: Adding exogenous α-galactosidase to feed breaks down these compounds. · Extraction and Processing: Ethanol or water extraction removes oligosaccharides in refined soy products (e.g., soy protein concentrate). --- 🧪 3. Antigenic Proteins (Glycinin and β-Conglycinin) · Description: These storage proteins trigger immune responses in young animals (e.g., piglets and chicks), causing intestinal inflammation, villi atrophy, and increased gut permeability. · Elimination Methods: · Fermentation: Solid-state fermentation with Bacillus subtilis or Aspergillus oryzae degrades antigenic proteins into non-immunogenic peptides. · Enzymatic Hydrolysis: Proteases specifically target and break down glycinin and β-conglycinin. · Heat Treatment: Partial reduction is possible, but these proteins are heat-stable and require combined approaches (e.g., heat + fermentation). --- ⚖️ 4. Phytic Acid (Phytate) · Description: Phytate chelates essential minerals (e.g., phosphorus, calcium, zinc, and iron), reducing their bioavailability. It also inhibits protein and vitamin absorption. · Elimination Methods: · Fermentation: Microbial phytase produced during fermentation hydrolyzes phytate into inorganic phosphorus and inositol. · Enzyme Supplementation: Adding phytase to feed enhances mineral absorption. · Germination and Soaking: Activates endogenous phytases in soybeans, reducing phytate levels. --- 🍃 5. Lectins (Hemagglutinins) · Description: Lectins bind to intestinal epithelial cells, disrupting nutrient absorption and causing gut damage. They are glycoproteins that agglutinate red blood cells. · Elimination Methods: · Heat Treatment: Moist heat (e.g., boiling for 15 minutes or pressure cooking) completely inactivates lectins. · Fermentation: Microbial enzymes degrade lectins during fermentation. --- 🌿 6. Saponins · Description: Saponins have bitter taste and can reduce feed palatability. They may increase gut permeability and cause hemolytic effects, though they also have potential health benefits (e.g., cholesterol-lowering). · Elimination Methods: · Processing and Extraction: Alcohol extraction removes saponins in refined soy products. LiveSeafood, [9/22/25 6:51 AM] · Fermentation: Partial degradation occurs during microbial fermentation. --- 🔥 7. Goitrogens and Rachitogenic Factors · Description: Goitrogens (e.g., genistin) interfere with thyroid function by inhibiting iodine uptake, while rachitogenic factors impair bone calcification. · Elimination Methods: · Heat Treatment: Reduced by thermal processing, but complete elimination may require combined methods. · Fermentation: Microbial degradation reduces these compounds. --- 📊 Summary of Elimination Methods Anti-Nutritional Factor Effective Reduction Methods Key Considerations Protease Inhibitors Heat treatment (110°C, 30 min), fermentation, enzymatic processing Avoid over-heating to prevent amino acid damage. Oligosaccharides Fermentation, enzyme supplementation (α-galactosidase), extraction Critical for young animals with immature guts. Antigenic Proteins Fermentation, enzymatic hydrolysis, combined heat + fermentation Heat-stable; requires robust processing. Phytic Acid Fermentation (microbial phytase), exogenous phytase, germination Improves mineral bioavailability. Lectins Moist heat treatment (boiling/pressure cooking), fermentation Complete inactivation requires adequate heat. Saponins Alcohol extraction, fermentation Partial removal may retain health benefits. Goitrogens Heat treatment, fermentation Often addressed indirectly via overall processing. --- 💡 General Processing Strategies for ANF Reduction 1. Heat Processing: · Toasting, Extrusion, or Steam Conditioning: Effective for heat-labile ANFs (e.g., trypsin inhibitors and lectins). Must carefully control time and temperature to avoid nutrient damage. 2. Fermentation: · Solid-State Fermentation (SSF): Using strains like Bacillus subtilis or Aspergillus oryzae for 48–72 hours significantly reduces multiple ANFs (e.g., oligosaccharides, antigens, and phytate) while enhancing protein quality. 3. Enzymatic Treatment: · Supplementation with exogenous enzymes (e.g., phytase, proteases, and α-galactosidase) during processing or in feed. 4. Combined Approaches: · Two-Step Fermentation: Using Bacillus subtilis followed by Aspergillus oryzae synergistically reduces ANFs and improves nutritional profiles. · Mechanical + Biological Processing: Steam conditioning followed by fermentation enhances ANF degradation. --- ⚠️ Important Considerations · Species and Age Sensitivity: Young animals (e.g., piglets, chicks, and calves) are more vulnerable to ANFs due to immature digestive systems. Tolerable thresholds exist for each ANF (e.g., trypsin inhibitor activity <3 TIU/mg). · Nutrient Trade-Offs: Over-processing (e.g., excessive heating) can reduce protein quality and amino acid availability. Fermentation may reduce energy density by consuming carbohydrates. · Testing and Monitoring: Use indicators like Protein Dispersibility Index (PDI), urease activity, and antigen levels to evaluate SBM quality. --- 💎 Conclusion Soybean meal contains multiple anti-nutritional factors that require targeted processing strategies for elimination. Heat treatment, fermentation, and enzymatic processing are highly effective, often used in combination. Fermentation not only reduces ANFs but also enhances protein digestibility and functional properties. Future efforts should focus on optimizing processing conditions to balance ANF reduction with nutrient preservation, ensuring soybean meal's safety and efficacy in animal diets. For further details, you can explore the cited sources, which provide in-depth insights into specific ANFs and processing methods. ### Sea Cucumber Hatchery Setup & Production Guide *(For Sandfish [*Holothuria scabra*], Tiger Tail [*Holothuria atra*], and other commercial species)* --- ## 1. Hatchery Design & Infrastructure ### 📍 Location Requirements - Clean seawater (salinity 30–35 ppt, temperature **26–30°C**). - Protected from storms & pollution (avoid industrial/urban areas). - Access to electricity & freshwater (for larval rearing). ### 🏗 Facility Layout | Section | Purpose | |---------|---------| | Broodstock Tanks | Mature adult conditioning & spawning | | Spawning Tanks | Induced spawning & fertilization | | Larval Rearing Tanks | Auricularia → Doliolaria → Pentactula stages | | Settlement Tanks | Juvenile settlement on substrates | | Nursery Tanks | Grow-out to 1–5 cm juveniles | | Algal Culture Unit | Live feed (diatoms, *Chaetoceros*) | | Water Treatment | Filtration, UV sterilization | [fish meal price](https://www.datawrapper.de/_/TjwV6/) Tank Specifications: - Round/oval FRP/fiberglass tanks (2–10 tons capacity). - Shallow tanks (0.5–1 m depth) for larval rearing. - Dark-colored tanks (reduces stress in larvae). --- ## 2. Broodstock Collection & Conditioning ### 🔍 Selection Criteria - Healthy, disease-free adults (no lesions, active movement). - Mature size: - *Holothuria scabra*: ≥20 cm, 300–500 g. - *Holothuria atra*: ≥25 cm, 400–600 g. ### 🌡 Conditioning Process - Acclimatize in tanks (salinity/temperature matching wild habitat). - Feed natural diet: - Seaweed powder (30% protein). - Microalgae (*Navicula*, *Chaetoceros*). - Thermal shock method for spawning induction: - Raise temp to 32°C for 1 hr, then return to 28°C. --- ## 3. Spawning & Fertilization ### ⚡ Induced Spawning Techniques 1. Temperature Shock (Most common) - Expose to 5°C above ambient for 30–60 mins. 2. Drying + Sunlight Exposure - Keep broodstock dry for 30 mins, then return to water. 3. Gonad Stimulation (Experimental) - Serotonin injection (1–2 µg/g body weight). ### 🥚 Egg Collection & Fertilization - Eggs: 100,000–500,000 per female. - Sperm: Dilute in seawater before mixing with eggs. - Fertilization rate: 70–90% under optimal conditions. --- ## 4. Larval Rearing (Auricularia → Pentactula) | Stage | Duration | Feed | Key Requirements | |-------|---------|------|-----------------| | Auricularia | 8–12 days | Microalgae (*Chaetoceros*, *Isochrysis*) | Gentle aeration, 28°C | | Doliolaria | 3–5 days | Mixed algae + yeast | Reduced light | | Pentactula | 5–7 days | Benthic diatoms (*Navicula*) | Settlement substrates | Water Quality: - pH: 7.8–8.3 - Ammonia: <0.1 ppm - DO: >5 mg/L - < 3gr does not need sand Not deposit feeder - In the wild, juveniles (∼9 mm) settle on seagrass leaves as grazers (Mercier et al., 2000a), and once larger, they migrate onto sand where they become deposit-feeders (Mercier et al., 2000b). - need different sand size for optimum grow - can not replace with silica sand - Sandfish as Deposit Feeders: Sandfish (Holothuria scabra) are a type of sea cucumber that are deposit feeders. This means they eat organic matter, bacteria, microalgae, and other small organisms that live within the sediment (sand) on the seafloor. The sand itself acts as a substrate and a food source, but the nutritional value comes from the living things within it. - Sargassum as a Fertilizer: Sargassum is a type of seaweed that is rich in nutrients and organic matter. When added to the sandy substrate in sandfish cultivation tanks or ponds, it acts as an organic fertilizer. This enrichment of the sand boosts the growth of the microalgae, bacteria, and other microorganisms that the sandfish feed on. Studies have shown that adding dried sargassum to the sediment can significantly increase the food abundance, leading to faster growth rates for juvenile sandfish. - Sargassum as a Direct Feed: In addition to fertilizing the sand, sargassum can also be processed into a direct supplemental feed for sandfish. Researchers have tested different preparations, such as fermented sargassum and powdered sargassum, and found that they can improve the growth and survival of sandfish, especially in early juvenile stages. Fermented sargassum, in particular, has been shown to be very effective. - In summary, sargassum doesn't directly fertilize the sand in the way you might think of a plant fertilizer, but it enriches the organic content of the sand, which in turn acts as a "fertilizer" for the living organisms that the sandfish consume. It can also be a direct and valuable feed source for the sandfish themselves. This use of sargassum is a promising development for sustainable aquaculture and a way to utilize he large influxes of sargassum that can be a nuisance in coastal areas. Chlorella vulgaris Powder - Chlorella vulgaris is a type of microalgae known for its high nutritional value, containing protein, lipids, vitamins, and minerals. While live microalgae are a traditional feed for sandfish larvae and early juveniles in hatcheries, powdered forms like chlorella vulgaris are being explored as a cost-effective alternative. Usage and Benefits Supplement to Live Algae: Powdered microalgae can supplement or even replace live microalgae, reducing the high cost and labor associated with maintaining live cultures. Nutritional Profile: Chlorella is rich in essential amino acids and fatty acids, which are crucial for the growth and health of sandfish. Its high protein content makes it an excellent addition to a sandfish diet. Improved Growth: Studies on other aquatic species have shown that including Chlorella vulgaris in the diet can enhance growth performance and feed efficiency. This is a promising area for further research in sandfish grow-out. In summary, both sargassum and chlorella vulgaris powder are valuable feed ingredients for sandfish aquaculture. Sargassum is a well-established and highly effective component, especially when fermented, while chlorella powder is a promising, nutrient-rich supplement that can reduce reliance on expensive live feeds. --- ## 5. Juvenile Settlement & Nursery ### 🪨 Settlement Substrates - PVC plates (coated with biofilm). - Coral rubble/seaweed mats (natural texture). - Sargassum thunbergii & S. polycystum - Sargassum acts to enrich the sediment is lacking. ### 📈 Nursery Grow-Out - Tank size: 2–5 tons (stocking density: **1,000–2,000 juveniles/m²**). - Feed: - Diatom paste (daily). - Seaweed powder (30% protein). - Survival rate: 30–60% (if managed well). --- ## 6. Key Equipment Checklist | Equipment | Purpose | |-----------|---------| | Air blowers & diffusers | Aeration for larvae | | Water heaters/chillers | Temp control | | UV sterilizer | Pathogen control | | Microscopes (40–100x) | Larval monitoring | | Algal photobioreactors | Live feed production | | Settlement plates | Juvenile attachment | --- ## 7. Disease & Biosecurity Management ### 🦠 Common Diseases - Skin ulceration (bacterial *Vibrio* spp.) → Treat with oxytetracycline baths. - Parasitic protozoa → Formalin dips (50 ppm for 30 mins). ### 🔒 Biosecurity Measures - Quarantine new broodstock (7–10 days). - Disinfect tanks (iodine, hydrogen peroxide). - PCR testing for pathogens. --- ## 8. Economics & Production Timeline | Phase | Duration | Cost (USD) | |-------|---------|-----------| | Broodstock conditioning | 1–2 months | $2,000–$5,000 | | Larval rearing | 20–30 days | $3,000–$8,000 | | Nursery (to 1–2 cm) | 2–3 months | $5,000–$10,000 | When transporting *Penaeus vannamei* (Pacific white shrimp), the requirements for Post Larva 15 (PL15) and Post Larva 10 (PL10) differ mainly in terms of density, water quality, oxygen demand, and stress sensitivity due to their developmental stages. Below is a comparison: ### 1. Size & Development Stage - PL10: Younger, smaller (≈ 10 days post-metamorphosis), more delicate, higher mortality risk. - PL15: Older, larger (≈ 15 days post-metamorphosis), more robust, better stress tolerance. ### 2. Transport Density (Per Bag/Liter) - PL10: Higher density possible (e.g., **5,000–10,000 PL10/L**) due to smaller size. - PL15: Lower density (e.g., **3,000–5,000 PL15/L**) due to larger size & higher oxygen demand. ### 3. Oxygen Requirements - PL10: Lower absolute oxygen demand but more sensitive to hypoxia. - PL15: Higher oxygen consumption per individual but more resilient to fluctuations. ### 4. Water Quality Sensitivity - PL10: More sensitive to ammonia, temperature swings, and salinity changes. - PL15: Hardier, tolerates slight variations better. ### 5. Temperature & Salinity - Both require 26–30°C and salinity 25–35 ppt, but: - PL10: Needs stricter stability. - PL15: Can handle minor deviations. ### 6. Stress Management - PL10: More prone to stress; may need additives (e.g., **buffers, probiotics**). - PL15: Handles transport stress better; fewer additives needed. ### 7. Transport Duration - PL10: Best for shorter hauls (<6–8 hrs). - PL15: Can endure longer transport (up to 12–24 hrs) with proper aeration. ### Key Takeaways - PL10: Higher density possible but needs more careful monitoring of water quality. - PL15: Lower density but hardier for long-distance transport. - For both: Use oxygen-filled bags, temperature control, and minimal stress handling. Would you like specific protocols for packing or acclimation? --- ### 3. Transport Conditions - Temperature: Maintain 26–28°C (use cooling boxes or **insulated containers**). - Oxygen Monitoring: Ensure O₂ > 5 ppm (use oxygen tablets if needed). - Avoid Light & Vibration: Keep bags in dark, stable conditions. --- ### 4. Post-Transport Acclimation #### A. Floating for Temperature Adjustment - Float unopened bags in destination pond for 15–30 mins to equalize temperature. #### B. Gradual Salinity Mixing (If Needed) - Step 1: Open bag, add small amounts of pond water every 5 mins for 30–45 mins. - Step 2: Release PLs gently near aerated areas. #### C. Post-Release Care - PL10: Feed immediately with high-protein diet (e.g., *Artemia*). - PL15: Can wait 2–3 hrs before feeding (more resilient). --- ### 5. Survival Rate Expectations | Condition | PL10 Survival (%) | PL15 Survival (%) | |----------------------|------------------|------------------| | Ideal Transport | 85–90% | 90–95% | | Long Haul (>12h) | 70–80% | 85–90% | --- ### Key Differences Summary | Factor | PL10 Requirements | PL15 Requirements | |----------------|------------------|------------------| | Density | Higher (5–10k/L) | Lower (3–5k/L) | | O₂ Demand | Moderate | Higher | | Stress | More sensitive | More tolerant | | Max Time | 6–8 hrs | 12–24 hrs | Would you like modifications for specific conditions (e.g., air freight, road transport in hot climates)? LiveSeafood, [6/27/25 10:50 PM] Here’s a modified transport protocol for specific conditions, including air freight, hot climates, and long-distance road transport, with adjustments for PL10 vs. PL15 *Vannamei* shrimp: --- ### 1. Air Freight Protocol (PL10 & PL15) #### Key Challenges: - Pressure changes → Risk of bag rupture. - Strict airline regulations → Limited oxygen volume. - No access to temperature control in cargo hold. #### Adjustments: | Factor | PL10 | PL15 | |--------|------|------| | Bag Thickness | 0.1–0.15 mm double-layered | 0.15–0.2 mm double-layered | | Oxygen Ratio | 50% water, 50% O₂ (to prevent bursting) | 40% water, 60% O₂ (more resilient) | | Density | 3,000–4,000/L (reduce by 30%) | 1,500–2,500/L (reduce by 40%) | | Additives | 5 ppm EDTA (anti-stress) + 2 ppm probiotics | 3 ppm vitamin C (immune boost) | | Packaging | Styrofoam box + coolant gel packs (if >6 hrs) | Insulated box + thermal lining | Note: - Use oxygen-absorbing pads (for airline safety compliance). - Avoid ice (risk of cold shock; use chilled gel packs instead). --- ### 2. Hot Climate Transport (Road, >30°C Ambient) #### Key Challenges: - Heat stress → Increased metabolism → Oxygen depletion. - Ammonia spikes due to higher metabolic waste. #### Adjustments: | Factor | PL10 | PL15 | |--------|------|------| | Cooling Method | Frozen water bottles (wrapped in cloth) | Phase-change cooling packs | | Density | Reduce by 40% (e.g., 3,000–4,000/L → 1,800–2,400/L**) | **Reduce by 30% (e.g., **2,000–3,000/L → 1,400–2,100/L**) | | Oxygen | Pure O₂ + oxygen tablets (as backup) | O₂ with slow-release tablets | | Additives | 5 ppm sodium bicarbonate (pH buffer) | 2 ppm potassium chloride (ion regulator) | | Travel Time | Only during cooler hours (night/early morning) | Max 8 hrs (daytime) | Emergency Measures: - If bags overheat, gradually lower temperature (avoid sudden cooling). - Ammonia detox: Add zeolite chips (1–2 g/L) in extreme cases. --- ### 3. Long-Distance Road Transport (>24 Hours) #### Key Challenges: - Oxygen depletion → Risk of mass mortality. - Accumulated waste → Ammonia toxicity. #### Adjustments: | Factor | PL10 | PL15 | |--------|------|------| | Density | Max 1,500/L | Max 1,000/L | | Water Exchange | Not recommended (too stressful) | Partial exchange (10%) after 12 hrs if necessary | | O₂ Supply | Oxygen generator or cylinder with regulator | O₂ cylinders + diffuser stones | | Sedation | Avoid (too sensitive) | 1–2 ppm clove oil (if >24 hrs) | | Monitoring | Check O₂/ammonia every 4 hrs | Check every 6 hrs | Survival Tips: - Use battery-powered air pumps for backup aeration. - Darken transport containers to reduce stress. --- ### 4. Emergency Recovery Protocol If PLs arrive weak or stressed: 1. Gradual Acclimation: - Float bags for 45–60 mins (not 30 mins). - Drip-acclimate with pond water over 1–2 hrs. 2. Revival Additives: - PL10: 5 ppm glucose + 1 ppm vitamin B12. - PL15: 3 ppm calcium magnesium + probiotics. 3. Post-Release Care: - PL10: Hold in nursery tanks (1–2 days) before pond release. - PL15: Can be released directly but avoid feeding for 4–6 hrs. --- ### Final Recommendations by Condition | Transport Type | Best for PL10? | Best for PL15? | |---------------|---------------|---------------| | Air Freight | Only if <6 hrs | Preferred (more resilient) | | Hot Climate | Avoid if possible | Use with cooling packs | | Long Road Haul | Not recommended | Yes (with O₂ support) | For highest survival: - PL10: Keep transport <8 hrs, avoid extreme temps. - PL15: More flexible but monitor O₂ closely. Would you like a checklist for pre-transport inspection? Here’s a detailed pre-transport inspection checklist to ensure optimal survival rates for PL10 and PL15 *Vannamei* shrimp during packing and transit: --- ### 🛠 Pre-Transport Inspection Checklist *(For PL10 & PL15 – Adjust as Needed)* #### ✅ 1. Shrimp Health Assessment - PL10: - ✔️ No visible deformities (e.g., bent rostrum, uneven tails). - ✔️ Active swimming (≥90% of PLs responsive to light/movement). - PL15: ✔️ Gills should be clean (no black spots/fouling). ✔️ Full gut line (no empty intestines due to starvation). #### ✅ 2. Water Quality Verification - Both PL10 & PL15: - ✔️ Salinity: Matches source farm (±2 ppt). - ✔️ Temperature: 26–28°C (no sudden fluctuations). - ✔️ pH: 7.8–8.2 (use buffering if unstable). - ✔️ Ammonia/Nitrite: <0.1 ppm (zeolite on standby). - ✔️ Dissolved O₂: >5 ppm (calibrate meter before packing). #### ✅ 3. Packing Materials Check - Bags: - ✔️ Double-layered polyethylene (≥0.8 mm thickness for road; **1.0 mm for air**). - ✔️ No leaks (pressure-test with air before filling). - Oxygen Supply: - ✔️ Pure O₂ (≥99% purity) + backup oxygen tablets. - ✔️ Sealing clips/ties (test strength). - Additives: - ✔️ Activated charcoal (2–5 g/L) packed separately. - ✔️ Stress coat (e.g., aloe vera) for PL10. #### ✅ 4. Environmental Controls - For Hot Climates: - ✔️ Frozen gel packs (not ice) wrapped in cloth. - ✔️ Insulated box with reflector lining (if daytime transport). - For Air Freight: - ✔️ Airline-compliant O₂ levels (check IATA regulations). - ✔️ Pressure-release valve (if high-altitude flight). - For Long Hauls (>12 hrs): - ✔️ Battery-powered aerator (fully charged). - ✔️ Spare O₂ cylinder with regulator. #### ✅ 5. Logistics & Documentation - ✔️ Transport permits (if crossing borders). - ✔️ Emergency contacts (driver/farm/consignee). - ✔️ Route planned (avoid delays; no direct sunlight exposure). --- ### ⚠️ Red Flags to Cancel Transport | Issue | PL10 Risk | PL15 Risk | |-------|----------|----------| | Ammonia >0.2 ppm | HIGH (mortality ≥50%) | Moderate (mortality 20–30%) | | Temp >30°C | Extreme stress | Tolerable (if cooled) | | >10% weak/dead PLs | Do NOT pack | Assess cause first | --- ### 📌 Post-Checklist Actions 1. PL10-Specific: - Conduct 1-hour test pack with 1 bag (monitor O₂ drop rate). - Feed high-protein diet 12 hrs pre-transport (then starve). 2. PL15-Specific: - Check for exuviae (molts) in holding tank (indicates health). - Sedate only if transport >24 hrs (**1 ppm clove oil**). --- ### 🔧 Emergency Kit for Transport Team - For PL10: - Portable O₂ meter + ammonia test strips. - Glucose solution (for revival). - For PL15: - Spare battery-powered air pump. - Calcium magnesium (for osmotic balance). --- Final Tip: For PL10, prioritize shorter, cooler, and stable transports. PL15 can handle tougher conditions but still require monitoring. Would you like a printable PDF version of this checklist? LiveSeafood, [6/27/25 10:53 PM] Here’s a printable PDF-friendly version of the checklist. You can copy this into a document, adjust formatting, and save as a PDF: --- # 🦐 Pre-Transport Checklist for Vannamei PL10 & PL15 *(Print Before Each Shipment)* ### 📅 Date: _____ ### 🔢 Batch No.: _____ ### 🛣 Transport Type: ☐ Air ☐ Road ☐ Hot Climate ☐ Long Haul (>12h) --- ## 1. SHRIMP HEALTH INSPECTION | Checkpoint | PL10 | PL15 | Done (✓) | |------------|------|------|---------| | Active swimming (≥90%) | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | | No deformities (bent rostrum/tail) | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | | Gills clean (no black spots) | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | | Gut line visible (no starvation) | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ⚠️ If >10% weak/dead, DO NOT PACK. --- ## 2. WATER QUALITY | Parameter | Target | Measured | Acceptable? (✓/✗) | |-----------|--------|----------|------------------| | Temperature | 26–28°C | _____°C | ☐ | | Salinity | Match farm (±2 ppt) | _____ppt | ☐ | | pH | 7.8–8.2 | _ | ☐ | | Ammonia | <0.1 ppm | _____ppm | ☐ | | Dissolved O₂ | >5 ppm | _____ppm | ☐ | --- ## 3. PACKING MATERIALS | Item | PL10 | PL15 | Status (✓/✗) | |------|------|------|--------------| | Double-layer bags (≥0.8mm) | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | | Pure O₂ (99%) + backup tablets | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | | Activated charcoal (2–5g/L) | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | | Stress coat (aloe/EDTA) | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | --- ## 4. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS | Condition | Requirement | Verified? (✓) | |-----------|-------------|--------------| | Hot Climate | Gel packs (no ice) + insulated box | ☐ | | Air Freight | Airline-compliant O₂ levels | ☐ | | Long Haul | Battery aerator + spare O₂ cylinder | ☐ | --- ## 5. LOGISTICS | Task | Status (✓) | |------|-----------| | Permits/documents ready | ☐ | | Emergency contacts listed | ☐ | | Route planned (avoid heat/stops) | ☐ | --- ### 🚨 EMERGENCY KIT - Portable O₂/ammonia tester - Glucose (PL10) / Calcium (PL15) - Spare battery air pump --- ### 📝 NOTES ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Inspector Name: _______________ Signature: ______ --- ### 🔹 Survival Tips - PL10: Transport at night, max 8h. - PL15: Can handle 24h with O₂ support. *(Laminate this sheet for reuse!)* --- To convert this to PDF: 1. Copy-paste into Word/Google Docs. 2. Adjust fonts (use bold headers and **checkboxes**). 3. Save as PDF (File > Save As > PDF). Need a version with your farm’s logo? Let me know! LiveSeafood, [6/27/25 11:04 PM] ### Sea Cucumber Hatchery Setup & Production Guide *(For Sandfish [*Holothuria scabra*], Tiger Tail [*Holothuria atra*], and other commercial species)* --- ## 1. Hatchery Design & Infrastructure ### 📍 Location Requirements - Clean seawater (salinity 30–35 ppt, temperature **26–30°C**). - Protected from storms & pollution (avoid industrial/urban areas). - Access to electricity & freshwater (for larval rearing). ### 🏗 Facility Layout | Section | Purpose | |---------|---------| | Broodstock Tanks | Mature adult conditioning & spawning | | Spawning Tanks | Induced spawning & fertilization | | Larval Rearing Tanks | Auricularia → Doliolaria → Pentactula stages | | Settlement Tanks | Juvenile settlement on substrates | | Nursery Tanks | Grow-out to 1–5 cm juveniles | | Algal Culture Unit | Live feed (diatoms, *Chaetoceros*) | | Water Treatment | Filtration, UV sterilization | Tank Specifications: - Round/oval FRP/fiberglass tanks (2–10 tons capacity). - Shallow tanks (0.5–1 m depth) for larval rearing. - Dark-colored tanks (reduces stress in larvae). --- ## 2. Broodstock Collection & Conditioning ### 🔍 Selection Criteria - Healthy, disease-free adults (no lesions, active movement). - Mature size: - *Holothuria scabra*: ≥20 cm, 300–500 g. - *Holothuria atra*: ≥25 cm, 400–600 g. ### 🌡 Conditioning Process - Acclimatize in tanks (salinity/temperature matching wild habitat). - Feed natural diet: - Seaweed powder (30% protein). - Microalgae (*Navicula*, *Chaetoceros*). - Thermal shock method for spawning induction: - Raise temp to 32°C for 1 hr, then return to 28°C. --- ## 3. Spawning & Fertilization ### ⚡ Induced Spawning Techniques 1. Temperature Shock (Most common) - Expose to 5°C above ambient for 30–60 mins. 2. Drying + Sunlight Exposure - Keep broodstock dry for 30 mins, then return to water. 3. Gonad Stimulation (Experimental) - Serotonin injection (1–2 µg/g body weight). ### 🥚 Egg Collection & Fertilization - Eggs: 100,000–500,000 per female. - Sperm: Dilute in seawater before mixing with eggs. - Fertilization rate: 70–90% under optimal conditions. --- ## 4. Larval Rearing (Auricularia → Pentactula) | Stage | Duration | Feed | Key Requirements | |-------|---------|------|-----------------| | Auricularia | 8–12 days | Microalgae (*Chaetoceros*, *Isochrysis*) | Gentle aeration, 28°C | | Doliolaria | 3–5 days | Mixed algae + yeast | Reduced light | | Pentactula | 5–7 days | Benthic diatoms (*Navicula*) | Settlement substrates | Water Quality: - pH: 7.8–8.3 - Ammonia: <0.1 ppm - DO: >5 mg/L --- ## 5. Juvenile Settlement & Nursery ### 🪨 Settlement Substrates - PVC plates (coated with biofilm). - Coral rubble/seaweed mats (natural texture). ### 📈 Nursery Grow-Out - Tank size: 2–5 tons (stocking density: **1,000–2,000 juveniles/m²**). - Feed: - Diatom paste (daily). - Seaweed powder (30% protein). - Survival rate: 30–60% (if managed well). --- ## 6. Key Equipment Checklist | Equipment | Purpose | |-----------|---------| | Air blowers & diffusers | Aeration for larvae | | Water heaters/chillers | Temp control | | UV sterilizer | Pathogen control | | Microscopes (40–100x) | Larval monitoring | | Algal photobioreactors | Live feed production | | Settlement plates | Juvenile attachment | --- ## 7. Disease & Biosecurity Management ### 🦠 Common Diseases - Skin ulceration (bacterial *Vibrio* spp.) → Treat with oxytetracycline baths. - Parasitic protozoa → Formalin dips (50 ppm for 30 mins). ### 🔒 Biosecurity Measures - Quarantine new broodstock (7–10 days). - Disinfect tanks (iodine, hydrogen peroxide). - PCR testing for pathogens. --- ## 8. Economics & Production Timeline | Phase | Duration | Cost (USD) | |-------|---------|-----------| | Broodstock conditioning | 1–2 months | $2,000–$5,000 | | Larval rearing | 20–30 days | $3,000–$8,000 | | Nursery (to 1–2 cm) | 2–3 months | $5,000–$10,000 | --- https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/trials-test-effects-of-hormone-supplemented-feed-on-sex-reversal-of-freshwater-prawns/ ![life cycle of copepods](https://animalfact.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Copepods-Reproduction-Lifecycle.jpg) [brine shrimp sieve](https://www.brineshrimpdirect.com/rotifer-sieve) [green freshwater algae](https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2018/06/e3sconf_icenis2018_04009.pdf)
graph LR; %% Ocean sea water %% x subgraph Pacific["Pacific-Indonesia"] direction LR ocean_Temperature["Pacific surface T= approx 26~30C"] end click ocean_Temperature "https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/trials-test-effects-of-hormone-supplemented-feed-on-sex-reversal-of-freshwater-prawns/" "Surface ocean temperature"
---
graph LR; %% Freshwater prawn sex reversal %% x subgraph SexReverse["Sex Reversal"] direction LR prawn_Male["Methyltestosterone experiment"] prawn_Female["Dopamine experiment
Ovaprim Fish Hormone Domperidone Sgnrha Injection"] sex_reverse_for_tilapia["Tilapia sex reversal in fry stage"] end FWprawn["Mixed Culture"] FWprawn_M["Male mono culture
Teritorial"] FWprawn_F["Female mono culture
higher density
more uniform
less teritorial vs male"] click SexReverse "https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/trials-test-effects-of-hormone-supplemented-feed-on-sex-reversal-of-freshwater-prawns/" "SexReversal Post Larva" click sex_reverse_for_tilapia "https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/artificial-incubation-hormonal-sex-reversal-promoted-tilapia-boom/" "Sex reversal for tilapia"
graph LR %% Benur vannamei BenurVPL_10["Vannamei Post Larva -10 days"] BenurVPL_15["Vannamei Post Larva - 15 days"] BenurVPL_10 ---> BenurVPL_15 BenurVPL_10 --->|"sell and ship to customer"| qnt_1_1 BenurVPL_15 --->|"sell and ship to customer"| qnt_1_2 subgraph select_req1_steps ["selection criteria"] direction LR select_strong["discard slow molting PL"] end BenurVPL_10 <---> select_req1_steps subgraph shipment_req1_steps ["shipment to customer PL10 < 6 ~ 8 hours
PL-15 < 12~24 hours"] direction LR Stress_Test_1_1["stress test prior to packing
salinity test
salinity 0, 30 min then tank salinity 30 min
count life > 85%"] weight_Test_1_1["number of PL count per PL1,Pl10,P12,P? statistics"] salinity["Both require 26–30°C and salinity 25–35 ppt"] qnt_1_1["PL-10 qnty: 5000-10000/L(seawater-1 L)
+2/3 filled with O2(2L)"] qnt_1_2["PL-15 qnty: 3000-5000/L(seawater-1 L)
2/3 filled with O2(2L)"] end click BenurVPL_10 "https://www.seafdec.org.ph/2011/seabass-hatchery/" "Vannemei Benur PL-10" click BenurVPL_15 "https://www.seafdec.org.ph/2011/seabass-hatchery/" "Vannemei Benur PL-15"
---
graph LR %% Kerapu and seabass %% seacucumber deposit feeder. Its diet consists of organic matter and microorganisms that live on and in the sand (the substrate). FC0["Floating cage
Grading"] FC1["Keramba tancap
Berpasir dibawah
Grading"] FC2["Keramba dasar (0.5 m dari dasar)
Grading"] P0["Pond - outdoor"] P1(["Pond - indoor"]) subgraph pythoplankton["Marine Phytoplankton and/or freshwater pythoplanton
Media for MicroAlgae"] direction LR %% Microalgae cultivation can be carried out with freshwater, seawater, water from estuaries, wastewater from agricultural, industrial operations and domestic wastewater [15]. %% Algae media refers to the solution or culture in which algae grow. %% Nutrient that contained in the tofu wastewater are very useful for the production of Chlorella sp. %% Chlorella sp. usually grows in seawater culture_both["Chlorella vulgaris
is green freshwater microalgae
but seawater tolerance T: 26-30C
an remove salt"] culture_pytho["Culture Marine pythoplankton/MicroAlgae (chlorella sp)"] culture_spiriluna["Spirulina platensis microalgee Blue-green
brackish tolerance
pH sensitivity pH:8~11,T:30-35C"] %% Spiriluna need to adjust fertelizer with pH above seawater %% EC: 98~30ms/cm %% High temperature: 30-35C culture_fresh_pytho["culture freshwater microalgae Spirulina Plantis and Chlorella vulgaris"] end subgraph MacroAlgae["culture seaweeds/MacroAlage"] direction LR seaweed["life green/brown seaweed"] -->Powder_seaweed["Make dry powder seaweed"] seaweed---> Process_1["harvest the seed for future propagation"] end subgraph plankton["Zooplankton Culture"] R0{"Rotifer Large size 20-25°C
Euryhaline"} R1{"Rotifer Small size 28-35°C
Low salinity"} Copepods{"Copepods Bigger than Rotifer"} MicroAlgae["Green phytoplanktons"] --->R0 MicroAlgae -->R1 MicroAlgae ----> Copepods end Seabass1[/"Seabass Mature change sex 5kg ♀
Broodstock Rearing"/] Kerapu1[/"Grouper Mature change sex ♂
Broodstock Rearing"/] Kerapu(["Grouper: female at birth: ♀
Larva Rearing"]) --> |"size: 8-12cm cuci air tawar"| FC0 --> |"mature/adult size"| FC22["floating cage bigger net size
and/or tambak lebih besar ↑O2
Brookstock around 3kg"] Kerapu -->|tidak perlu| FC1 --> FC22 --> Kerapu1 Seabass(["Asian Seabass: Male at birth: ♂
Larva Rearing"]) --> |"size: 8 - 12cm bersisik tidak perlu pasir"| FC0 -->|"Mature/adult size"| FC22 --> Seabass1 Lobster["Lobster Rearing"] -->FC2 click culture_fresh_pytho "https://algaeresearchsupply.com/products/algae-research-supply-algae-culture-chlorella-pyrenoidosa?srsltid=AfmBOoqYbKG86RMM1kP_KYZvTHlMmcgQWKry5cNg-7a28B-AxddtVZfK" "culture Chlorella" click Seabass "https://www.seafdec.org.ph/2011/seabass-hatchery/" "Seabass Hatchery" click Kerapu "https://www.seafdec.org.ph/hatchery-seedstock/" "Grouper Hatchery" style Kerapu1 fill:gold, color:black style Seabass1 fill:gold, color:black style R0 fill:blue, color:white style R1 fill:green, color: black style culture_both fill:green, color:white
flowchart TD T["Tilapia
iBEST (all Male) or
iEXCEL (Mixed-sex)"] subgraph plankton["plankton feed to larvae"] PyPL1["Pythoplanton"] R0{"Rotifer Large ΔT,
20°C-25°C,Euryhaline
B. plicatilis (L)
171-238µm "} R1{"Rotifer Small ΔT,
28°C-35°C, low salinity
B. rotundiformis (S)
121-162µm"} Copepods["Copepods"] Artemia["Artemia
Brine shrmp"] eggs["Fish Eggs"] PyPL1 --> Artemia PyPL1 --> R0 PyPL1 --> R1 end subgraph hatchery["Hatchery Market Depend on Market"] direction LR Eggs["Eggs"] --> Larvae["Post Larvae"] -->Juvinille["Juvinille"] end subgraph growup ["growup Market size"] direction LR Market["different stage of Market"] end subgraph artemiaGrowth ["Artemeia Growth up Culture"] direction LR artemeia_eggs["Artemaia Eggs and larvae for feed"] end subgraph vitamin ["Vitamin C and B12 complex"] direction LR vitamin_feed["feed to rotifer prior to the feed for Hatchery"] end subgraph Pellet_Custard ["Pellet or Custaard"] direction LR Pellet_feed["Pellet feed"] custard["wet or frozen feed"] end T --> hatchery plankton --> hatchery hatchery --> growup style eggs fill:pink, color:black click hatchery "https://www.seafdec.org.ph/hatchery-seedstock/" "Grouper Hatchery" click Copepods "https://animalfact.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Copepods-Copepoda.jpg" "Copepods"
flowchart TB subgraph OCEAN9 ["fas:fa-ship OCEAN 9 "] direction LR TP([Telaga Punggur])-->|ferry 11:00 web kapaltiket.com| A([BENAN]) --> |"00:45"| B([Tajuh Biru]) --> C(["Sei Tenam"]) --> D(["Senayang"]) <--->|"from 07:15 Pancur"| E(["Pancur"]) end subgraph DRAGON5 ["fas:fa-ship DRAGON 5"] direction LR TP1(["Telaga punggur"]) --> CC(["Sei Tenam"])-->JG(["Jagoh"]) end subgraph Anambas ["fas:fa-ship Anambas"] direction LR TP2(["Telaga Punggur"]) --"Rp. 494k"--> Letung --"Rp 495k"--> Terempa(["Terempa"]) end subgraph Bintan["Pulau Bintan/Tanjung Pinang"] direction LR BTP(["Tanjung Pinang"]) end TP <--.--> TP1 <--.--> TP2 style A fill: black, color: white style B fill:grey, color:#fff style TP fill:blue, color: whit style TP1 fill:blue, color: white style TP2 fill:blue, color: white click BTP "https://www.welcometobintan.com/images/map.jpg" "Tanjung Pinang"
deposit feeder. Its diet consists of organic matter and microorganisms that live on and in the sand (the substrate).
flowchart LR subgraph subgraph1["Benur Bening Lobster"] direction TB top1["🦞 ≤ 2 gr (≤ 2months)
SR 30%~40%
Nature < 0.01%"] --> bottom1["🦞 ≥ 5gr (2 - 3 months) SR ≥ 70%~80%"] end subgraph subgraph2["Top floating or/and
Bottom floating cage(Krankeng)"] direction TB top2[top] --> bottom2[bottom] end subgraph subgraph3["Top floating or/and
Bottom floating cage(Krankeng)"] direction TB top3[topx] --> bottom3[bottomx] end outside:::asNode --> subgraph1:::asNode outside ---> top2 -->top3 style subgraph2 fill:orange classDef asNode fill:grey, color:orange
flowchart LR deposit_feeder("Deposit Feeder
seacucumber")
pie title Investment ssharing "PT Innovare" :75 "Mitra" : 15 "Desa" : 10